ÒÇʽÖеĽÌÓý:ĦËóÈ˵ijÉÄêÀñµÄ½ÌÓýÈËÀàѧÑо¿

Ŀ¼£º µ¼ÂÛ£º½ÌÓýÎÊÌâµÄÈËÀàѧʡ˼ Ò»¡¢ÈËÀàѧÌṩµÄ½ÌÓý·´Ë¼Ö®ÑÛ £¨Ò»£©ÉóÊÓѧУµÄÓýÈ˹¦ÄÜ £¨¶þ£©¹Ø×¢½ÌÓýÄÚº­µÄÎÄ»¯ÐÔ £¨Èý£©Ç¿µ÷±¾ÍÁ֪ʶÓë¶àÔªÎÄ»¯½ÌÓý £¨ËÄ£©È˵ı¾ÖÊÓë½ÌÓý±¾ÖʵÄ×ÔÈ»¹´Á¬ ¶þ¡¢½ÌÓýÄÚº­µÄÃñ×åÎÄ»¯ÐÔ¸ñ Èý¡¢Ñ§Ð£½ÌÓý¹¦ÄܵÄÒ컯 ËÄ¡¢×ß½ø½ÌÓýÀíÂÛÉú³ÉµÄÍÁÈÀ£ºÌïÒ° Îå¡¢½ÌÓý»î¶¯µ±ÈçºÎÖúÈË“³ÉÈË” **Õ ĦËóÈ˵ÄÎÄ»¯Éú̬ϵͳ Ò»¡¢µ÷²éÇøÓò ¶þ¡¢Ä¦ËóÈ˵Ä×å³Æ¡¢×åÔ´ºÍ·Ö²¼ £¨Ò»£©Ä¦ËóÈ˵Ä×å³Æ £¨¶þ£©Ä¦ËóÈ˵ÄÀúÊ·¸Å¿ö £¨Èý£©Ä¦ËóÈ˵ķֲ¼ £¨ËÄ£©×óËùĦËóÈ˸ſö Èý¡¢Ä¦ËóÈËÎÄ»¯Éú̬ϵͳ £¨Ò»£©Ä¦ËóÈ˵Ä×ÔÈ»»·¾³ £¨¶þ£©Ä¦ËóÈ˵ÄÉç»á»·¾³ £¨Èý£©Ä¦ËóÈ˵ľ«ÉñÎÄ»¯»·¾³ µÚ¶þÕ ³ÉÄêÀñ¼°Ä¦ËóÈ˳ÉÄêÀñµÄÎÄ»¯ÒâÔÌ Ò»¡¢³ÉÄêÀñÒÇʽ¼°ÄÚº­ £¨Ò»£©³ÉÄêÀñÒÇʽËÝÔ´ £¨¶þ£©³ÉÄêÀñÒÇʽÌØÕ÷¼°ÀàÐÍ ¶þ¡¢Ä¦ËóÈ˳ÉÈËÀñÒÇʽʵµØµ÷²éÓëÃèÊö £¨Ò»£©ÒÇʽʵʩ³ÌÐò £¨¶þ£©ÒÇʽÏÔÖøÌØÕ÷ Èý¡¢°¸ÀýÑо¿³ÉÒò£ºÎÄÏ×Ó뿼²ì²ÄÁÏµÄ±È½Ï µÚÈýÕ “³ÉΪһ¸öÈË”£ºÒÇʽµÄ½ÌÓýÄ¿µÄ Ò»¡¢½ÌÓýÄ¿µÄ£ºÒÇʽÖнÌÓý·¢ÉúµÄÒÀ¾Ý ¶þ¡¢“³ÉΪһ¸öÈË”£º×ʸñ¡¢È¨Á¦¡¢ÒåÎñÓëÔðÈεĻñµÃ £¨Ò»£©³ÉΪÏíÓÐ×Ú½ÌȨÁ¦µÄÈË £¨¶þ£©³ÉΪÏíÓо­¼ÃȨÁ¦µÄÈË £¨Èý£©³ÉΪÏíÊÜ·¨ÂÉȨÁ¦µÄÈË £¨ËÄ£©³ÉΪÏíÓлéÒöºÍÐÔÉú»îȨÁ¦µÄÈË Èý¡¢Ñ§Ð£½ÌÓýÄ¿µÄÓëÒÇʽ·¢ÉúÄ¿µÄ±È½Ï µÚËÄÕ ½ÌÓý¹ý³Ì£ºÒÇʽÖеĽÌÓý·¢Éú Ò»¡¢½ÌÓý¹ý³ÌµÄ½ç¶¨ £¨Ò»£©½ÌÓý¹ý³ÌÖеÄ×÷ÓÃÕß £¨¶þ£©½ÌÓý¹ý³ÌÖÐÈýÕߵĻ¥¶¯¹²Éú ¶þ¡¢Ä¦ËóÈ˳ÉÈËÀñÒÇʽÖеĽÌÓýÒªËØ £¨Ò»£©ÒÇʽÖеĽÌÓýÕß £¨¶þ£©ÒÇʽÖеĽÌÓýÓ°Ïì £¨Èý£©ÒÇʽÖеÄÊܽÌÓýÕß Èý¡¢ÒÇʽÔË×÷Óë·ûºÅת»¯£ºÒÇʽÖеĽÌÓý·¢Éú £¨Ò»£©ÒÇʽÖÐ×÷ÓÃÕß×é³ÉµÄ½ÌÓýÍøÂç £¨¶þ£©·ûºÅÒâÒåÔÚÒÇʽÖеÄת»¯ µÚÎåÕ ×ÔÖ÷ѧϰ£ºÒÇʽÖеÄÖ÷Ì彨¹¹ Ò»¡¢“ѧϰ”Óë“×ÔÎÒ½ÌÓý”ÄÚº­ ¶þ¡¢ÒÇʽÖГ³ÉÄêÕߔѧϰµÄÖ÷Ì彨¹¹ Èý¡¢ÒÇʽÖеİñÑùÓë¹Û²ìѧϰ µÚÁùÕ ÒÇʽÖеÄʱ¿Õ¹ØϵÓë½ÌÓýÄÚº­ Ò»¡¢ÒÇʽ¾ÙÐеĿռä½á¹¹¼°ÏóÕ÷ £¨Ò»£©ÒÇʽ¾ÙÐеĿռä½á¹¹·ÖÎö £¨¶þ£©½ÌÓýʵʩ³¡ÓòµÄת»» ¶þ¡¢ÈËÀàѧ¶Ôʱ¼äµÄ½âÊͼ°ÒÇʽÖеÄʱ¼ä¹Û Èý¡¢½ÌÓýѧ·¶³ëµÄÒÇʽʱ¿Õ¹Øϵ µÚÆßÕ ĦËóѧͯʧѧÏÖ×´¼°Ô­Òò Ò»¡¢µ±µØ»ù´¡½ÌÓýµÄÖ÷ÒªÖ°Ôð ¶þ¡¢µ±µØѧУʦ×ʺÍѧÉú¾Íѧ¸Å¿ö £¨Ò»£©µ±µØʦ×ʸſö £¨¶þ£©µ±µØѧÉúÈëѧÇé¿ö Èý¡¢¶àÖ÷ÌåÊÓ½ÇÏÂĦËó¶ùͯµÍ½ÌÓý³É¾ÍÔ­Òò £¨Ò»£©½ÌʦµÄ¹Ûµã £¨¶þ£©¼Ò³¤µÄ¹Ûµã £¨Èý£©Ñ§ÉúµÄ¹Ûµã ËÄ¡¢Ä¦Ëóѧͯê¡Ñ§¹éÒò¼°·ÖÎö £¨Ò»£©ÓïÑÔ²îÒì £¨¶þ£©¶ÁÊéÎÞÓà £¨Èý£©ÎÄ»¯ÊèÀë µÚ°ËÕ ÒÇʽÕÛÉ䣺ѧУ½ÌÓýÎÊÌâ Ò»¡¢ÂäÈë¿ÕÓçµÄѧУ½ÌÓýÄ¿µÄ ¶þ¡¢Ñ§Ð£ÓëĦËóÈËÉç»á¹ØϵµÄ“Ò컯” £¨Ò»£©Ñ§Ð£ÓëĦËóÈËÉç»á»·¾³µÄÊèÀë £¨¶þ£©Ñ§Ð£ÓëĦËóÈË´«Í³ÎÄ»¯µÄÊèÀë Èý¡¢Ñ§Ð£½ÌÓýЧӦµÄÈõ»¯ ËÄ¡¢Ñ§Ð£½ÌÓýÖ´Ðз½Ê½¼°ÎÊÌâ £¨Ò»£©½ÌÓý·½·¨Ä£Ê½»¯ £¨¶þ£©½ÌÓý¶ÔÏóµÄÒÅÍüÓ듲»ÔÚ³¡” µÚ¾ÅÕ ÒÇʽÔ̺­µÄÎÊÌâ½â¾ö£¨Ò»£©£º¹²Éú½ÌÓý Ò»¡¢ÈËÀàÔçÆÚ½ÌÓý¹²Éú̬ ¶þ¡¢¹²Éú½ÌÓýµÄÀíÂÛ»ù´¡¼°·ÖÎö·½·¨ £¨Ò»£©Ä¿µÄÐÔ £¨¶þ£©ÕûÌåÐÔ £¨Èý£©¿ª·ÅÐÔ £¨ËÄ£©×Ô×éÖ¯ÐÔ Èý¡¢¹²Éú½ÌÓýÐÎ̬¼°Æ䷶ʽ ËÄ¡¢¹²Éú½ÌÓýµÄ»ù±¾Î¬¶È £¨Ò»£©²»Í¬½ÌÓý·¶Ê½µÄ¹²Éú £¨¶þ£©¶àÔª½ÌÓýÖ÷ÌåµÄ¹²Éú £¨Èý£©¶àÑù½ÌÓý·½Ê½µÄ¹²Éú £¨ËÄ£©¶àÖÖ½ÌÓýÐÎ̬µÄ¹²Éú µÚʮՠÒÇʽÔ̺¬µÄÎÊÌâ½â¾ö£¨¶þ£©£ºÎÄ»¯Î»Óý Ò»¡¢ºÎνÎÄ»¯Î»Óý ¶þ¡¢ÎÄ»¯Î»Óý¶àά·¾¶ £¨Ò»£©´Ù½øÃñ×åÎÄ»¯½øУ԰ £¨¶þ£©¸Ä½øÃñ×åµØÇøѧУ½ÌÓý £¨Èý£©Éè¼Æ¶àÔªÎÄ»¯½ÌÓý¿Î³Ì £¨ËÄ£©Ôö½øµÄ½Ìʦ¶àÔªÎÄ»¯½ÌÓýÖªÄÜ ½á Óï ¸½ ¼ ¿¼²ìÌá¸Ù £¨Ò»£©·Ã̸Ìá¸ÙÒ» £¨¶þ£©·Ã̸Ìá¸Ù¶þ £¨Èý£©·Ã̸Ìá¸ÙÈý ²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ× ºó ¼Ç