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List of Figures xxv

Preface xxvii

Introduction 3

1 Text: Signs 24

1 Preliminary Remarks 24

2 The Narrator 28

3 Non-narrative Comments, Narrative Arguments 54

4 Description 56

5 Levels of Narration 63

Remarks and Sources 70

2 Transition: Between Text and Society 74

1 Preliminary Remarks 74

2 Frame Narrative's Invisible Frame 76

3 Con-fusing Meanings 82

4 Between Narrative and Theatre 86

5 Con-fusing Media 91

3 Story: Aspects 99

1 Preliminary Remarks 99

2 Temporality 100

3 Characters 125

4 Space 131

5 Focalization 138

4 Transition: Media in Dialogue 145

1 Preliminary Remarks 145

2 Novel and Film, a Two-Way Street 146

3 Making and Thinking Images in Text 153

4 Image Making and Thinking in Images 156

5 Merging Everything 160

Remarks and Sources 164

5 Fabula: Elements 167

1 Preliminary Remarks 167

2 Events 168

3 Actors 176

4 Time 184

5 Location 189

No Conclusion 192

Remarks and Sources 195

References 197

Index of Names and Titles 207

Index of Terms and Concepts 213