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1. §¥§â§Ö§Ó§ß§Ö§â§å§ã§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ¡­ ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­1

1.1 §²§å§ã§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ X¡ªXVI §Ó§Ö§Ü§à§Ó¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 1

1.2 §²§å§ã§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ XVII §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ¡­ ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­17

2. §²§å§ã§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ XVIII §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­26

2.1 §²§å§ã§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§Ú§è§Ú§Ù§Þ §Ú §Ö§Ô§à §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ú¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­29

2.2 §¥. §ª. §¶§à§ß§Ó§Ú§Ù§Ú§ß (1745¡ª1792)¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­36

2.3 §¡. §¯. §²§Ñ§Õ§Ú§ë§Ö§Ó (1749¡ª1802)¡­ ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­39

2.4 §¯. §®. §¬§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ù§Ú§ß (1766¡ª1826)¡­ ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­42

3. §²§å§ã§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ XIX §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ¡­ ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­45

3.1 §­§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ §á§Ö§â§Ó§à§Û §á§à§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ß§í XIX §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ (§à§ä §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§Ñ XIX §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §Õ§à §ã§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§í

1850-§í§ç §Ô§à§Õ§à§Ó)¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­45

3.1.1 §¡. §³. §±§å§ê§Ü§Ú§ß (1799¡ª1837)¡­ ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­52

3.1.2 §®. §À. §­§Ö§â§Þ§à§ß§ä§à§Ó (1814¡ª1841)¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­70

3.1.3 §¯. §£. §¤§à§Ô§à§Ý§î (1809¡ª1852)¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­80

3.1.4 §¶. §ª. §´§ð§ä§é§Ö§Ó (1803¡ª1873)¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­93

3.2 §­§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ §Ó§ä§à§â§à§Û §á§à§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ß§í XIX §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ (§à§ä §ã§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§í 1850-§í§ç §Ô§à§Õ§à§Ó §Õ§à

§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§Ñ 1890-§í§ç §Ô§à§Õ§à§Ó)¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­101

3.2.1 §ª. §³. §´§å§â§Ô§Ö§ß§Ö§Ó (1818¡ª1883)¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­105

3.2.2 §¡. §¡. §¶§Ö§ä (1820¡ª1892)¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­119

3.2.3 §¯. §¡. §¯§Ö§Ü§â§Ñ§ã§à§Ó (1821¡ª1878 )¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­124

3.2.4 §­§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§ß§à-§à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö. §£. §¤. §¢§Ö§Ý§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Û,

§¯. §¤. §¹§Ö§â§ß§í§ê§Ö§Ó§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §Ú §¯. §¡. §¥§à§Ò§â§à§Ý§ð§Ò§à§Ó¡­ ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 130

3.2.5 §¡. §¯. §°§ã§ä§â§à§Ó§ã§Ü§Ú§Û (1823¡ª1886)¡­ ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­147

3.2.6 §¶. §®. §¥§à§ã§ä§à§Ö§Ó§ã§Ü§Ú§Û (1821¡ª1881)¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­154

3.2.7 §­. §¯. §´§à§Ý§ã§ä§à§Û (1828¡ª1910)¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­167

3.2.8 §¡. §±. §¹§Ö§ç§à§Ó (1860¡ª1904)¡­ ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­179

4. §²§å§ã§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ XX §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 196

4.1 §­§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ §ß§Ñ §â§å§Ò§Ö§Ø§Ö XIX §Ú XX §Ó§Ö§Ü§à§Ó ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 196

4.1.1 §³§Ú§Þ§Ó§à§Ý§Ú§Ù§Þ §Ú §¡. §¡. §¢§Ý§à§Ü¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 198

4.1.2 §¡§Ü§Þ§Ö§Ú§Ù§Þ §Ú §¡. §¡. §¡§ç§Þ§Ñ§ä§à§Ó§Ñ¡­ ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 205

4.1.3 §¶§å§ä§å§â§Ú§Ù§Þ §Ú §£. §£. §·§Ý§Ö§Ò§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ó¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 213

4.2 §­§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ §à§ä §°§Ü§ä§ñ§Ò§â§î§ã§Ü§à§Û §â§Ö§Ó§à§Ý§ð§è§Ú§Ú §Õ§à §ã§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§í 1950-§í§ç §Ô§à§Õ§à§Ó¡­ 219

4.2.1 §®. §¤§à§â§î§Ü§Ú§Û (1868¡ª1936)¡­ ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 231

4.2.2 §£. §£. §®§Ñ§ñ§Ü§à§Ó§ã§Ü§Ú§Û (1893¡ª1930)¡­ ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 244

4.2.3 §³. §¡. §¦§ã§Ö§ß§Ú§ß (1895¡ª1925)¡­ ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 256

4.2.4 §®. §¡. §º§à§Ý§à§ç§à§Ó (1905¡ª1984)¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 264

4.2.5 §¡. §¯. §´§à§Ý§ã§ä§à§Û (1883¡ª1945)¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 277

4.2.6 §®. §¡. §¢§å§Ý§Ô§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó (1891¡ª1940)¡­ ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 282

4.2.7 §¡. §±. §±§Ý§Ñ§ä§à§ß§à§Ó (1899¡ª1951)¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 290

4.3 §­§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ §à§ä §ã§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§í 1950-§í§ç §Ô§à§Õ§à§Ó §á§à 1990-§í§Ö §Ô§à§Õ§í¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 297

4.3.1 §¡. §´. §´§Ó§Ñ§â§Õ§à§Ó§ã§Ü§Ú§Û (1910¡ª1971)¡­ ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 305

4.3.2 §¢. §­. §±§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö§â§ß§Ñ§Ü (1890¡ª1960)¡­ ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 312

4.3.3 §À.§£.§´§â§Ú§æ§à§ß§à§Ó (1925¡ª1981) ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 324

4.3.4 §£. §®. §º§å§Ü§ê§Ú§ß (1929¡ª1974)¡­ ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 335

4.3.5 §£. §¤. §²§Ñ§ã§á§å§ä§Ú§ß (1937¡ª2015 )¡­ ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 342

4.3.6 §£. §±. §¡§ã§ä§Ñ§æ§î§Ö§Ó (1924¡ª2001)¡­ ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 350

4.4 §­§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ §â§å§ã§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ñ§â§å§Ò§Ö§Ø§î§ñ XX §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 356

4.4.1 §ª. §¡. §¢§å§ß§Ú§ß (1870¡ª1953)¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 363

4.4.2 §ª.§³.§º§Þ§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ó(1873¡ª1950)¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 372

4.4.3 §¢.§¬.§©§Ñ§Û§è§Ö§Ó (1881¡ª1972)¡­ ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 383

4.4.4 §®. §ª. §¸§Ó§Ö§ä§Ñ§Ö§Ó§Ñ (1892¡ª1941)¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 392

4.4.5 §¡. §ª. §³§à§Ý§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§è§í§ß (1918¡ª2008)¡­ ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 400

5. §° §Ò§Ù§à§â §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §â§å§ã§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§í 90-§ç §Ô§à§Õ§à§Ó XX §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §Ú §á§Ö§â§Ó§à§Ô§à

§Õ§Ö§ã§ñ§ä§Ú§Ý§Ö§ä§Ú§ñ XXI §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 410