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Contents
Chaper One The Contribution of China¡¯s Reform and Opening up to the World and the Birth of the BRI
1. China¡¯s Historic Contribution to the World through Reform and Opening up ¡­¡­10
2. Construction of an open economy and the BRI ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­12
3. China¡¯s economic transformation and the BRI ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­14
4. Innovation-driven development and the BRI ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­16
5. Responsibilities of a Major Country and the BRI ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­18
6. Major-country Confidence and the BRI ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­20
7. Development Deficit and the BRI ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­22
8. Peace Deficit and the BRI ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­24
9. Governance Deficit and the BRI ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­26
Chaper Two History of the Silk Road
10. Where Did the Name Come from ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­30
11. A Brief History of the Silk Road ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­32
12. The Overland Silk Road ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­34
13. The Maritime Silk Road ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­36
14. The Silk Road and the Exchanges of Countries ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­38
15. Spirit of the Silk Road ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­40
Chaper Three Birth and Framework of the Concepts
16. Proposal of the BRI concept ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­44
17. The Historical Background of the BRI ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­46
18. Framework of the BRI ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­48
19. Basic Connotations of the BRI ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­50
20. Basic Principles of the BRI ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­52
21. Partners of the BRI ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­54
22. Overall Plan for the BRI ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­56
23. Directions of BRI Cooperation ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­58
24. Cooperation Mechanisms under the BRI ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­60
25. Organizational Architecture of the BRI ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­62
Chaper Four The ¡°Five Roads¡±
26. The BRI and the Road for Peace ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­66
27. The BRI and the Road of Prosperity ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­68
28. The BRI and the Road of Opening up ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­70
29. The BRI and the Road of Innovation ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­72
30. The BRI and the Road Connecting Different Civilizations ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­74
Chaper Five ¡°Five Factors of Connectivity¡±
31. Policy coordination ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­78
32. Facilities Connectivity ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­80
33. Unimpeded Trade ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­82
34. Financial Integration ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­84
35. People-to-people Bond ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­86
Chaper Six Six Major Economic Corridors
36. China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­90
37. New Eurasian Land Bridge ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­92
38. China-Central Asia-West Asia Economic Corridor ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­94
39. China-Indochina Peninsula Economic Corridor ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­96
40. China¨CPakistan Economic Corridor ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­98
41. Bangladesh¨CChina¨CIndia¨CMyanmar Economic Corridor ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 100
Chaper Seven Some of the Theories and Concepts of Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics
42. Major-country Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 104
43. A New Type of International Relations ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 106
44. A New Type of Major-country Relationship ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 108
45. A Community of Shared Future for Humankind ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 110
46. Two Centenary Goals ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 112
47. Win-win Cooperation ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 114
48. Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 116
49. Pursuit of Shared Interests and the Greater Good ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 118
50. Amity, Sincerity, Mutual Benefit and Inclusiveness ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 120
51. Sincerity, Real Results, Affinity and Good Faith ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 122
Chaper Eight Core Concepts
52. Alignment of Development Strategies ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 126
53. Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 128
54. Silk Road Fund ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 130
55. New Development Bank ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 132
56. China-ASEAN Investment Cooperation Fund ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 134
57. Production Capacity Cooperation ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 136
58. Cross-border Industrial Parks ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 138
59. China¡¯s Free Trade Areas ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 140
60. Free Trade Ports ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 142
61. Dialogue Mechanism for Multilateral and Bilateral Cooperation in
Macroeconomic Policy ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 144
62. Innovation Cooperation in New Industries ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 146
63. Construction of an International Infrastructure Network ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 148
64. Development of International Standards and Systems for Infrastructure ¡­¡­ 150
65. Development of Global Value Chain and Supply Chain ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 152
66. Promoting Cooperation on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency ¡­ 154
67. Tackling Climate Change ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 156
68. Sustainable Development ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 158
69. Trade and Investment Facilitation ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 160
70. People-to-people and Cultural Exchanges and Cooperation ¡­¡­¡­ 162
71. Inter-civilization Exchanges and Mutual Learning ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 164
Chaper Nine Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation
72. Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 168
73. Thematic Session on Connectivity of Development Policies and Strategies ¡­ 170
74. Thematic Session on Infrastructure Connectivity ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 172
75. Thematic Session on Trade Connectivity ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 174
76. Thematic Session on Financial Connectivity ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 176
77. Thematic Session on People-to-people Connectivity ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 178
78. Thematic Session on Think Tank Exchanges ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 180
Chaper Ten Relevant international plans and the Belt and Road Initiative
79. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Belt and Road
Initiative ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 184
80. The Addis Ababa Action Agenda and the Belt and Road Initiative ¡­ 186
81. Africa 2063 Agenda and the Belt and Road Initiative ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 188
82. The Ancient Civilizations Forum (ACF Forum) and the Belt and Road
Initiative ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 190
83. APEC Connectivity Blueprint and the Belt and Road Initiative ¡­¡­ 192
84. The ASEAN Community Vision 2025 and the Belt and Road Initiative 194
85. ASEM, ASEM Pathfinder Group on Connectivity (APGC), and the Belt
and Road Initiative ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 196
86. Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European countries
(CEECs) and the Belt and Road Initiative ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 198
87. China-Europe Land-Sea Express Route and Belt and Road Initiative 200
88. The Middle Corridor Initiative and the Belt and Road Initiative ¡­¡­ 202
89. The EU-China Connectivity Platform (Juncker Plan) and the Belt and
Road Initiative ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 204
90. The EU¡¯s Eastern Partnership (EaP) and the Belt and Road Initiative 206
91. The Eurasian partnership based on the principles of equality, openness
and transparency and the Belt and Road Initiative ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 208
92. The Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South
America (IIRSA) and the Belt and Road Initiative ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 210
93. The Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity 2025 and the Belt and Road
Initiative ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 212
94. The Paris Agreement and the Belt and Road Initiative ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 214
95. Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) and the Belt and Road
Initiative ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 216
96. The Western Balkans Six Connectivity Agenda and the Belt and Road
Initiative ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 218
97. WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) and the Belt and Road
Initiative ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 220
Chaper Eleven Alignment of similar plans in the world with the Belt and Road Initiative
98. The United Nations Silk Road Project and the Belt and Road Initiative ¡­¡­¡­¡­ 224
99. The United States New Silk Road Initiative and the Belt and Road Initiative 226
100. The Eurasian Economic Union (EEC) and the Belt and Road Initiative ¡­ 228
101. Japan¡¯s Asian infrastructure investment plan and the Belt and Road Initiative
¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 230
102. India¡¯s Project Mausam and the Belt and Road Initiative ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 232
103. Indonesia¡¯s Global Maritime Fulcrum Policy and the Belt and Road Initiative
¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 234
104. Australia¡¯s Developing Northern Australia Program and the Belt and Road
Initiative ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 236
105. Poland¡¯s Amber Rail Freight Corridor and the Belt and Road Initiative ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 238
106. Egypt¡¯s New Suez Canal Project and the Belt and Road Initiative ¡­¡­¡­ 240
107. Lamu Port South- Sudan, Ethiopia Transport (LAPSSET) Corridor Program
and the Belt and Road Initiative ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 242
108. Vietnam¡¯s North-South Economic Corridor (NSEC)/Two Corridors and One
Circle and the Belt and Road Initiative ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 244
109. Mongolia's Prairie Road Development Initiative and the Belt and Road
Initiative ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 246
110. Kazakhstan¡¯s Bright Road New Economic Plan and the Belt and Road Initiative
¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 248
111. South Korea¡¯s New North Policy and the Belt and Road Initiative ¡­¡­¡­¡­¡­ 250