°üÓÊ Experimental College Physics-´óѧÎïÀíʵÑé

Part ¢ñ Introduction to Experimental Uncertainties and Error Analysis

1. No Information without Uncertainty Estimation £¨3£©

2. What is an Error Bar? £¨4£©

3. Random Errors,Systematic Errors,and Mistakes £¨5£©

4. How to Estimate Error Bars in Data £¨6£©

5. Sample Mean,Standard Deviation,and Standard Error £¨8£©

6. How and When to Throw Out Data £¨10£©

7. Combining Unrelated Sources of Error £¨10£©

8. Error Propagation in Calculations: Functions of a Single Measured Quantity £¨12£©

9. Error Propagation in Calculations: Functions of Several Measured Quantities £¨13£©

10. A Reality Check for Error Propagation: Fractional Uncertainty £¨14£©

11. Significant Figures £¨15£©

12. Graphical Representation of Experimental Data £¨17£©

Part ¢ò Experiments

Lab 1 Young¬ðs Modulus Lab £¨25£©

Lab 2 Standing Waves £¨31£©

Lab 3 Physical Pendulum £¨38£©

Lab 4 Moment of Inertia Measured by Threeª²Wire Pendulum £¨42£©

Lab 5 The Prism Spectrometer: Dispersion and the Index of Refraction £¨45£©

Lab 6 The Transmission Diffraction Grating: Measuring the Wavelength of Light £¨53£©

Lab 7 Interference of Light £¨59£©

Lab 8 Basic Measurement £¨65£©

Lab 9 Lenses and Simple Lens Systems £¨70£©

Lab 10 Light Polarization¡ªMalus¬ðs Law £¨79£©

Lab 11 The Michelson Interferometer £¨85£©

Lab 12 Diffraction and Interference of Plane Light Waves £¨92£©

Lab 13 Construction of an Ammeter and Voltmeter £¨100£©

Lab 14 Electric and Magnetic Forces £¨106£©

Lab 15 Velocity of Sound in Air £¨111£©

Lab 16 The Ballistic Galvanometer £¨118£©

Lab 17 The Magnetic Field of a Solenoid and Ballistic Galvanometer £¨126£©

Lab 18 Linear and Nonlinear Resistors £¨133£©

Lab 19 Hall Effect Experiment £¨136£©

Lab 20 Mapping the Electric Field £¨144£©

Lab 21 The Measurement of Capacitance and High Resistance by Galvanometer £¨150£©

Appendix £¨154£©

References £¨160£©