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1 the concept of language anxiety 1.1 anxiety 1.2 language anxiety 2 the paradigm and primary stages of research on language anxiety 2.1 the paradigm of research 2.2 stages of research 3 research questio 3.1 theoretical and practical questio 3.2 sources of research questio 3.3 evaluating the research questio 4 literature review 4.1 the roles of literature review 4.2 sources of literature 4.3 strategies for literature review 5 research hypotheses 5.1 the significance of the hypothesis 5.2 deductive and inductive reasoning 5.3 deductive and inductive hypotheses 6 sampling 6.1 the rationale of sampling 6.2 the probability and non-probability sampling 6.3 sample size 7 data collection 7.1 questionnaire 7.2 observatio 7.3 interview 7.4 experiment 8 data analysis 8.1 descriptive analysis 8.2 the rationale of inferential analysis 8.3 the test of mea 8.4 test of proportio 8.5 test of distributio 8.6 correlation analysis 8.7 regression analysis 8.8 qualitative analysis 9 primary findings on language anxiety 9.1 retrospect into early period of research 9.2 language anxiety and learner variables 9.3 language anxiety and language learning 9.4 theories on language anxiety 9.5 learning theories relevant to and possible remedies for language anxiety 10 speaking anxiety reduction: the wang sar model 10.1 the theoretical basis of the wang sar model 10.2 the script of the wang sar model bibliography