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Chapter 1 Historical Stages of Translation in China and the West 1.1 Major Historical Stages of Translation in China 1.1.1 From the Earliest Times to the Reign of Emperor Huan of Eastern Han 1.1.2 Buddhist Translation from Emperor Huan of Eastern Han Dynasty to Song Dynasty (from 147 to 1279) 1.1.3 Translation of Christianity and Western Science since the 16th Century 1.1.4 From the Opium War to the Founding of P. R. China 1.1.5 Translation after the Founding of P. R. China 1.2 Major Historical Stages of Translation in the West 1.2.1 The First Stage: Translation in Ancient Times 1.2.2 The Second Stage: Translation in the Middle Ages 1.2.3 The Third Stage: Translation during Renaissance 1.2.4 The Fourth Stage: Translation in Modem Times (17th--19th Centuries) 1.2.5 The Fifth Stage: Modem Translation (1900--1945) Questions for discussion References Chapter 2 Bible Translation in the West 2.1 Early Bible Translation and Dissemination of Christianity 2.1.1 The Septuagint 2.1.2 The Vulgate 2.2 Religious Reformation and Bible Translation 2.3 English Versions of the Bible Questions for discussion References Chapter 3 Buddhist Scriptures and Bible Translation in China 3.1 Buddha and Buddhism 3.2 First Introduction of Buddhism to China 3.3 Three Phases of Buddhist Translation 3.3.1 The First Phase: Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms Period (c. 148--265) 3.3.2 The Second Phase: Jin Dynasty and the Northern and Southern Dynasties (c. 265--589) 3.3.3 The Third Phase: Sui, Tang, and Northern Song Dynasties (c. 5891100 ) 3.4 Bible Translation in China Questions for discussion References Chapter 4 Translation of Ancient Greek Classics in Europe 4.1 Latin Translation of Ancient Greek Classics in Ancient Rome 4.2 Translation of Ancient Greek and Rome Classics in Renaissance 4.2.1 Translation in Germany 4.2.2 Translation in France 4.2.3 Translation in Britain 4.3 Literary and Philosophical Translation in European Countries 4.3.1 French Translation and Batteux 4.3.2 German Translation and Schleiermacher, Humboldt 4.3.3 British Translation and Dryden, Tytler Questions for discussion References Chapter 5 Scientific Translation in China 5.1 Scientific Translation in Ancient China 5.1.1 Scientific Translation before Ming Dynasty 5.1.2 Scientific Translation in the Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties 5.2 Scientific Translation in the Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China 5.2.1 The Pioneers 5.2.2 Institutions 5.2.3 Prominent Translators 5.3 Scientific Translation since the May 4th Movement 5.3.1 Before 5.3.2 After Questions for discussion References Chapter 6 Scientific Translation in the West 6.1 Scientific Translation in Ancient Greece and Rome 6.2 Scientific Translation of Arabic Literature in the Middle Ages 6.2.1 The School of Translators of Baghdad 6.2.2 The School of Translators of Toledo 6.3 Scientific Translation during the Renaissance and the Age of Reason Questions for discussion References Chapter 7 Translation and Circulation of Chinese Classics in the West 7.1 Translation and Circulation of The Analects of Confucius in the West 7.2 Translation and Circulation of Tao Te Ching and Chuangtse in the West 7.3 Translation and Circulation of \"Four Masterpieces\" in the West 7.4 Translation and Circulation of Classical Poems in the West Questions for discussion References Chapter 8 Translation of Western Literary Classics in China 8.1 English and American Literary Classics 8.1.1 Translation of Poetry 8.1.2 Translation of Fiction 8.1.3 Translation of Drama 8.2 Russian Literary Classics 8.2.1 Translation of Poetry 8.2.2 Translation of Fiction 8.2.3 Translation of Drama 8.3 French Literary Classics 8.3.1 Translation of Poetry 8.3.2 Translation of Fiction 8.3.3 Translation of Drama 8.4 German Literary Classics 8.4.1 Translation of Poetry 8.4.2 Translation of Fiction 8.4.3 Translation of Drama Questions for discussion References Chapter 9 Chinese Translation of Western Non-literary Classic Works 9.1 Chinese Translation of Western Classic Works in Politics 9.1.1 Chinese Translators of Western Classic Works in Politics in the Ming and Qing Dynasties 9.1.2 Chinese Translators of Western Classic Works in Politics after the May 4th Movement 9.1.3 Characteristics of the Translation of Political Works 9.2 Chinese Translation of Western Classic Works in Philosophy 9.2.1 Chinese Translation of Western Classic Works in Philosophy 9.2.2 Characteristics of the Translation of Philosophical Works 9.3 Chinese Translation of Western Classic Works in Law 9.3.1 The Historical Development of Legal Translation in China 9.3.2 Prerequisites of a Successful Translator of Legal Documents 9.4 Chinese Translation of Other Western Non-literary Classic Works 9.4.1 Chinese Translators of Other Western Non-literary Classic Works 9.4.2 Characteristics of the Translation of Western Non-literary Classic Works Questions for discussion References Chapter 10 The Influence of Translation on Chinese Culture 10.1 Buddhist Translation's Influence on Modern Chinese Literature and Language 10.1.1 Buddhist Translation's Influence on Modem Chinese Literature 10.1.2 Buddhist Translation's Influence on Modem Chinese Language 10.2 The Influence of Missionaries' Translation in the Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties in China 10.2.1 On Ideology 10.2.2 On Science and Technology 10.2.3 On Chinese Language 10.2.4 On Education 10.3 Relationship between Translation and China's New Culture Movement 10.3.1 Translation and the Rise of China's New Culture Movement 10.3.2 Yah Fu's Translation Practice 10.3.3 Lu Xun's Translation Practice Questions for discussion References Postscript