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ÖÐÎÄƪ µÚ1Õ ֲÎïÉúÀíѧʵÑé»ù´¡ 3 µÚ2Õ ֲÎïÖÖ×ÓµÄÃÈ·¢ 14 µÚ3Õ ֲÎïË®·Ö´úл 22 µÚ4Õ ¿óÖÊÔªËØȱ·¦¶ÔÖ²ÎïÉúÃü»î¶¯µÄÓ°Ïì 30 µÚ5Õ ֲÎï¹âºÏÐÔÄܵÄÆÀ¼Û 42 µÚ6Õ ֲÎï̼µª´úл 59 µÚ7Õ ֲÎïÉú³¤ÎïÖʵÄÉúÀíЧӦ¼°Æä¶ÔÖ²ÎïÉú³¤·¢ÓýµÄÓ°Ïì 72 µÚ8Õ ֲÎï×éÖ¯ÅàÑø 83 µÚ9Õ ֲÎïÄæ¾³ÉúÀí 95 ¸½¡¡Â¼ 115 ¸½Â¼1 Ïà¹ØÀíÂÛ֪ʶ¹®¹ÌÓë˼¿¼115 ¸½Â¼2 »¯Ñ§Æ·±êÖ¾·ûºÅ202 ¸½Â¼3 ³£ÓÃËá¼îµÄŨ¶È203 ¸½Â¼4 ³£ÓùÌ̬Ëá¡¢¼î¡¢ÑεÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈÅäÖƲο¼ 203 ¸½Â¼5 ³£Óûº³åÒºµÄÅäÖÆ204 ¸½Â¼6 ³£ÓÃËá¼îָʾ¼Á209 ¸½Â¼7 ±ê×¼¼ÆÁ¿µ¥Î»210 ¸½Â¼8 ³£ÓÃÖ²ÎïÉú³¤ÎïÖʵÄһЩ»¯Ñ§ÌØÐÔ212 ²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ× 213 Ó¢ÎÄƪ Chapter 1 Experimental Basis of Plant Physiology 217 11 Plant physiology laboratory rules217 12 Classification and preparation methods of chemical reagent218 13 Collection, processing and preservation of experimental material220 14 Basic methods of experimental studies on plant physiology228 Chapter 2 Plant Seed Germination 232 21¡¡ Determination of seed germination rate, germination potential and germination index233 22¡¡ Rapid determination of seed viability234 23¡¡ Determination of seed vigor236 24¡¡ The formation and determination of the amylase activity during seed germination238 25¡¡ Changes in fatty acid content of oil seeds during germination239 26¡¡ Changes in amino acid content during seed germination241 Chapter 3¡¡ Plant Water Metabolism 243 31¡¡ Determination of plant leaf water content, relative water content and water saturation deficit244 32¡¡ Determination of free and bound water content in plant leaves (Malincic method) 245 33¡¡ Determination of plant tissue water potential (Small flow method) 247 34¡¡ Determination of plant tissue osmotic potential (Plasma wall separation method) 249 35¡¡ Determination of transpiration rate251 Chapter 4¡¡ Effects of Mineral Element Deficiency on Plant Life Activities 254 41¡¡ Element deficiency symptoms in plants (solution culture) 255 42¡¡ Determination of nitrate reductase activity259 43¡¡ Determination of root activity (α - naphthylamine oxidation method) 261 44¡¡ Determination of nitrate nitrogen in plants263 45¡¡ Determination of plant phosphorus (molybdenum blue method) 265 Chapter 5¡¡ Evaluation of Plant Photosynthetic Performance 268 51¡¡ Extraction and physicochemical properties of photosynthetic pigments269 52¡¡ Separation of photosynthetic pigments and determination of absorption spectra271 53¡¡ Determination of chloroplast pigment content273 54¡¡ Determination of plant leaf photosynthetic rate and gas exchange parameters 276 55¡¡ Determination of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters280 56¡¡ Determination of ribulose diphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) activity286 57¡¡ Determination of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase) activity289 Chapter 6¡¡ Plant Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism 291 61¡¡ Determination of sucrose, glucose and fructose content292 62¡¡ Determination of free amino acid content294 63¡¡ Determination of sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphatase activities296 64¡¡ Determination of α - amylase and β - amylase activities298 65¡¡ Determination of glutamine synthetase activity302 66¡¡ Determination of soluble protein content304 Chapter 7¡¡ The Physiological Effects of Plant Growth Substances and Their Effects on Plant Development 307 71¡¡ Effects of auxin on the growth of wheat root and shoot308 72¡¡ Effects of gibberellin on the growth of wheat seedlings310 73¡¡ Effect of ethephon on the fruit ripening310 74¡¡ Abscissive effects of abscisic acid (ABA) on plant petioles311 75¡¡ Effects of gibberellin (GA3) and abscisic acid (ABA) on seed germination313 76¡¡ Synthesis of α - amylase in seed induced by gibberellin (GA3) 314 77¡¡ Effects of abscisic acid (ABA) on stomatal movement317 78¡¡ Determination of phytohormones by liquid chromatography318 Chapter 8¡¡ Plant Tissue Culture 320 81¡¡ Preparation of culture medium321 82¡¡ Sterilization, disinfection and inoculation325 83¡¡ Subculture and propagation330 84¡¡ Acclimation, transplanting and management of tube seedlings334 Chapter 9¡¡ Plant Stress Physiology 336 91¡¡ Determination of proline content337 92¡¡ Determination of total flavonoid content339 93¡¡ Determination of ascorbic acid (AsA, AA) 341 94¡¡ Determination of glutathione (GsH) 345 95¡¡ Determination of cytoplasmic membrane permeability - conductance method347 96¡¡ Identification of degree of membrance peroxidation - determination of malondialdehyde content (MDA)349 97¡¡ Identification of cell death in plant tissues (Trypan blue staining method) 351 98¡¡ Determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content352 99¡¡ Determination of superoxide anion production rate354 910¡¡ Determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity356 911¡¡ Determination of peroxidase (POD) activity358 912¡¡ Determination of catalase (CAT) activity360