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Chapter 1 Introduction 1£®1 Linguistics 1£®1£®1 Definition of linguistics 1£®1£®2 Linguistics versus traditional grammar 1£®1£®3 Use of studying linguistics 1£®1£®4 Scope of linguistics 1£®2 Language 1£®2£®1 Definition of language 1£®2£®2 Origin of language 1£®2£®3 Design features of language 1£®2£®4 Functions of language 1£®3 Some Major Concepts in Linguistics 1£®3£®1 Descriptive and prescriptive grammars 1£®3£®2 Synchronic and diachronic linguistics 1£®3£®3 Langue and parole 1£®3£®4 Competence and performance 1£®3£®5 Syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations 1£®3£®6 Functionalism and formalism Exercises and Discussion Questions Sources and Suggestions for Further Reading Supplementary Readings Chapter 2 The Sounds of Language 2£®1 Introduction 2£®2 Phonetics 2£®2£®1 Articulators and their functions 2£®2£®2 Voiced and voiceless sounds 2£®2£®3 Nasal and oral sounds 2£®2£®4 Classification of English speech sounds 2£®2£®4£®1 English consonants 2£®2£®4£®2 English vowels 2£®2£®5 Variations of sounds 2£®2£®5£®1 Liaison 2£®2£®5£®2 Elision and assimilation 2£®3 Phonology 2£®3£®1 Phonemes£º the phonological units of language 2£®3£®2 Minimal pairs and sets 2£®3£®3 Free variation 2£®3£®4 Distinctive features 2£®3£®5 Syllables and consonant clusters 2£®3£®6 Suprasegmental features 2£®3£®6£®1 Stress 2£®3£®6£®2 Intonation Exercises and Discussion Questions Sources and Suggestions for Further Reading Supplementary Readings Chapter 3 Morphology 3£®1 Introduction 3£®2 Morphemes 3£®2£®1 Free morphemes 3£®2£®2 Bound morphemes 3£®3 Morphs and Allomorphs 3£®4 Types of Word Formation 3£®4£®1 Compounding 3£®4£®2 Derivation 3£®4£®3 Other ways of word formation 3£®4£®3£®1 Conversion ¡­¡­ Chapter 4 Syntax Chapter 5 Semantics Chapter 6 Pragmatics Chapter 7 Discourse Analysis Chapter 8 Sociolinguistics Chapter 9 Psycholinguistics Chapter 10 Cognitive Linguistics Chapter 11 Language Acquisition Chapter 12 Applied Linguistics Glossary Index