INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL REPORTING财务报告导论 版权信息
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INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL REPORTING财务报告导论 本书特色
本教材遵循“十四五”规划期间教育部对高校本科教材建设的总体指导方针,坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,落实《全国大中小学教材建设规划(2019—2022 年)》和《普通高等学校教材管理办法》,力求满足普及化阶段高等教育人才培养的需要。本教材是以国际会计准则(IAS)为基础,由浅入深讲解编制个体经营者、股份公司财务报表的全英文教材。本教材英文专业术语准确规范,报告编制方法反映了国际会计准则的*新变化;建立了财务报告的基本体系,涵盖了财务会计的基础内容及报表编制的核心内容。本教材按照 50~70 课内学时,课内、外学时比为1∶1设计教学与习题内容;在阐述会计理论与实务方法时,既注重会计理论的深度与广度,又强调会计实务的操作方法与应用。
INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL REPORTING财务报告导论 内容简介
本书是全英文教材。本书是针对会计和非会计专业学生学习财务报告的入门导论。本书以讲解个体经营者财务报告的编制为起点,在国际财务报告概念框架指导下,通过对固定资产、无形资产、存货和股本等相关国际财务报告准则的学习,逐步帮助学生掌握上市公司利润表、资产负债表、所有者权益变动表和现金流量表的编制技巧,并学会对财务报表的基本分析和解释。本书适合高校学生及对相关领域有兴趣学习的同学自学使用,有一定的普适性和出版价值。
INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL REPORTING财务报告导论 目录
Chapter 1 Statements of Profit or Loss: Sole Traders …………………… (1)
1.1 Introduction to the Statement of Profit or Loss …………………… (1)
1.2 Gross Profit and Net Profit ………………………………… (2)
1.Gross Profit ………………………………………………………………… (2)
2.Net Profit …………………………………………………………………… (3)
1.3 Preparation of a Trading and Profit and Loss Account ……………………… (4)
1.4 Preparation of a Statement of Profit or Loss ………………………………… (10)
Exercise …………………………………………………………………………… (12)
Chapter 2 Statement of Financial Position ………………………………… (22)
2.1 Contents of the Statement of Financial Position …………………………… (22)
1.Assets ……………………………………………………………………… (23)
2.Liabilities ………………………………………………………………… (23)
3.Capital …………………………………………………………………… (24)
2.2 Format of the Statement of Financial Position ……………………………… (24)·
2.3 No Double Entry in Statements of Financial Position ……………………… (26)
2.4 Drawing up a Statement of Financial Position ……………………………… (26)
Exercise …………………………………………………………………………… (30)
Chapter 3 Statements of Profit or Loss and Statements of Financial
Position: Further Considerations ……………………………… (36)
3.1 Returns Inwards and Returns Outwards …………………………………… (36)
3.2 Carriage Inwards and Carriage Outwards …………………………………… (39)
3.3 The Second Year of a Business ……………………………………………… (41)
1.Adjustments Needed for Inventory ………………………………………… (42)
2.Ledger Accounting for Inventory ………………………………………… (42)
3.Other Expenses in the Trading Account ………………………………… (45)
Exercise …………………………………………………………………………… (47)
Chapter 4 Inventory ……………………………………………… (57)
4.1 IAS 2 Inventories …………………………………………………………… (57)
4.2 Cost of Goods Sold ………………………………………………………… (58)
1.Recap ……………………………………………………………………… (58)
2.Inventories Written off or Written down ………………………………… (58)
3.Inventory Destroyed or Stolen and Subject to an Insurance Claim ……… (60)
4.Counting Inventory ………………………………………………………… (61)
5.Accounting for Opening and Closing Inventories ………………………… (62)
4.3 Measurement of Inventories ………………………………………………… (62)
1.Applying the Lower of Cost and NRV …………………………………… (63)
2.Determining the Cost of Inventory ………………………………………… (64)
Introduction to
Financial Reporting·
3.Different Valuations of Inventory ………………………………………… (66)
4.Inventory Valuation and the Calculation of Profits ……………………… (69)
4.4 Using Mark?up / Margin Percentages to Establish Cost ……………………… (72)
Exercise …………………………………………………………………………… (73)
Chapter 5 Irrecoverable Debts and Allowance for Receivables ……… (80)
5.1 Irrecoverable Debts …………………………………………… (80)
1.Introduction ……………………………………………………………… (80)
2.Writing off Irrecoverable Debts …………………………………………… (81)
3.Irrecoverable Debts Written off and Subsequently Paid ………………… (82)
5.2 Allowance for Receivables …………………………………………………… (84)
1.Doubtful Debts …………………………………………………………… (84)
2.Determining the Allowance for Receivables ……………………………… (84)
3.Allowance for Receivables: Ledger Accounting Entries ………………… (85)
4.Allowance for Receivables: Financial Statements ………………………… (87)
5.3 Example: Irrecoverable Debts Written off and Allowance for Receivables
Combined …………………………………………………………………… (88)
Exercise …………………………………………………………………………… (91)
Chapter 6 Depreciation: Calculations and Double Entry ……………… (97)
6.1 What Is Depreciation? ………………………………………… (97)
1.Objective of Depreciation ……………………………………… (97)
2.Definitions ………………………………………………………………… (98)
6.2 Causes of Depreciation …………………………………………… (99)
1.Physical Deterioration ……………………………………………… (99)·
2.Economic Factors ………………………………………………………… (99)
3.Time ……………………………………………………………………… (99)
4.Depletion ………………………………………………………………… (100)
6.3 Calculating Depreciation …………………………………………………… (100)
1.Methods of Depreciation ………………………………………………… (100)
2.Choice of Method ………………………………………………………… (103)
3.Reviewing and Changing the Depreciation Method ……………………… (104)
4.Reviewing and Changing Useful Life or Residual Value ………………… (105)
6.4 Accounting for Depreciation ……………………………………………… (106)
Exercise …………………………………………………………………………… (108)
Chapter 7 Accruals and Prepayments ……………………………………… (114)
7.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………… (114)
7.2 Accrued Expenses and Prepaid Expenses ………………………………… (115)
1.Accrued Expenses ……………………………………………………… (115)
2.Prepaid Expenses ………………………………………………………… (118)
3.Accruals and Prepayments in Financial Statements …………………… (121)
7.3 Accrual Principle and Income ……………………………………………… (124)
Exercise …………………………………………………………………………… (125)
Chapter 8 Provisions and Contingencies …………………………………… (140)
8.1 Provisions ………………………………………………………………… (140)
1.Definition ………………………………………………………………… (140)
2.Accounting for Provisions …………………………………… (141)
3.Measuring the Amount of Provisions ………… (143)
8.2 Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets ……………………………… (143)
1.Contingent Liabilities ……………………………… (143)
2.Contingent Assets ………………………………………………………… (144)
3.Decision Tree of IAS 37 ………………………………………… (144)
8.3 Disclosure in Financial Statements ……(146)
Exercise …………………………………………………………………………… (147)
Chapter 9 Tangible Non?current Assets …………………………………… (152)
9.1 Capital vs Revenue Expenditure ………… (152)
1.The Distinction Between Capital and Revenue Expenditure …………… (153)
2.Capital Income and Revenue Income ……… (154)
9.2 IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment (154)
1.Definition of Property, Plant and Equipment …………………………… (154)
2.Measurement of Property, Plant and Equipment ……………………… (155)
9.3 Revaluation of Non?current Assets ……… (156)
1.Accounting Treatment for Revaluation Gain and Losses ………………… (156)
2.A Worked Example ……………………………………………………… (157)
9.4 Non?current Assets Disposals ……………………………………………… (160)
1.The Principles Behind Calculating the Profit or Loss on Disposal ……… (160)
2.Accounting Treatment for Asset Disposals ……………………………… (161)
3.Accounting for Disposals of Non?current Assets Given in
Part Exchange …………………………………………………………… (163)
9.5 Disclosure in Financial Statements ………………………………………… (164)
Exercise …………………………………………………………………………… (166)·
Chapter 10 Intangible Non?current Assets ………………………………… (175)
10.1 Intangible Assets ………………………………………… (175)
1.Intangible Assets Defined ……………………………………………… (176)
2.Accounting Treatment …………………………………………………… (176)
10.2 Research and Development …………………… (177)
1.Definition of Research and Development (177)
2.Recognition of Research and Development ……… (177)
3.Accounting Treatment of Research and Development …………………… (178)
10.3 Disclosure in Financial Statements ……………………………………… (178)
Exercise …………………………………………………………………………… (179)
Chapter 11 Introduction to Company Accounting ……………………… (184)
11.1 The Nature of a Limited Company …………… (184)
1.Separate Legal Entity and Limited Liabilities …………………………… (184)
2.The Classes of Limited Companies ………… (185)
3.The Capital of Limited Liability Companies ………… (185)
11.2 Equity: Share Capital …………………………………… (186)
1.Ordinary Shares and Preference Shares …(186)
2.Accounting for Share Capital …………………… (188)
11.3 Equity: Retained Earnings and Other Reserves ………………………… (189)
1.Retained Earnings ……………………………………………………… (189)
2.Share Premium …………………………………………………………… (190)
3.Other Reserves …………………………………………………………… (190)
4.Dividends ………………………………………………………………… (191)
11.4 Bonus and Rights Issue …………………………… (192)
1.Bonus Issue ……………………………………………………………… (193)
2.Rights Issue ……………………………………………………………… (195)
11.5 Ledger Accounts of a Limited Liability Company ………………………… (196)
1.Taxation ………………………………………………………………… (197)
2.Loan Stock ……………………………………………………………… (198)
3.Finance Costs …………………………………………………………… (198)
Exercise …………………………………………………………………………… (199)
Chapter 12 Preparation of Financial Statements for Companies …… (206)
12.1 IAS 1: Presentation of Financial Statements …………………………… (206)
12.2 The Statement of Financial Position ………………………………… (207)
12.3 The Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income ……… (209)
1.Other Comprehensive Income and Basic Requirements ………………… (209)
2.Cost of Sales, Distribution Costs and Administrative Expenses ………… (211)
3.Other Income …………………………………………………………… (212)
12.4 The Statement of Changes in Equity ……………………………………… (212)
12.5 Notes to the Financial Statements ………………………………………… (214)
12.6 A Worked Example ……………………………………………………… (216)
Exercise …………………………………………………………………………… (221)
Chapter 13 Statement of Cash Flows ……………………………………… (234)
13.1 Introduction to the Statement of Cash Flows ……………………………… (234)
1.Purpose of the Statement of Cash Flows ………………………………… (234)
2.Cash vs Profit …………………………………………………………… (235)
13.2 IAS 7: Statement of Cash Flows ………………………………………… (236)·
1.Objective and Scope ……………………………………………………… (236)
2.Definitions ……………………………………………………………… (236)
13.3 Presentation of the Statement of Cash Flows …………………………… (237)
1.Cash Flows from Operating Activities …………………………………… (237)
2.Cash Flows from Investing Activities …………………………………… (241)
3.Cash Flows from Financing Activities …………………………………… (243)
4.Cash and Cash Equivalents ……………………… (244)
13.4 An Example: Preparing a Statement of Cash Flows ……………………… (246)
Exercise …………………………………………………………………………… (249)
Chapter 14 An Introduction to Financial Analysis ……………………… (258)
14.1 Basics of Financial Analysis …………………… (258)
1.Users of the Ratios ……………………………………………………… (259)
2.Overview of Financial Statements ……………… (259)
14.2 Ratio Analysis …………………………………………………………… (261)
1.Profitability Ratios …………………………………………… (261)
2.Liquidity Ratios ………………………………………………………… (263)
3.Gearing / Leverage Ratios ………………………………… (264)
4.Efficiency Ratios ………………………………………………………… (265)
5.Investment Ratios ………………………………………………………… (266)
14.3 Interpretating Financial Information ……………………………………… (267)
1.A Worked Example ……………………………………………………… (267)
2.Limitations of Ratio Analysis ……………………… (271)
Exercise …………………………………………………………………………… (272)
Answers ……………………………………………………………………………… (281)
Chapter 1 ………………………………………………………………………… (281)
Chapter 2 ………………………………………………………………………… (283)
Chapter 3 ………………………………………………………………………… (286)
Chapter 4 ………………………………………………………………………… (292)
Chapter 5 ………………………………………………………………………… (293)
Chapter 6 ………………………………………………………………………… (295)
Chapter 7 ………………………………………………………………………… (297)
Chapter 8 ………………………………………………………………………… (299)
Chapter 9 ………………………………………………………………………… (300)
Chapter 10 ………………………………………………………………………… (302)
Chapter 11 ………………………………………………………………………… (303)
Chapter 12 ………………………………………………………………………… (305)
Chapter 13 ………………………………………………………………………… (313)
Chapter 14 ………………………………………………………………………… (315)
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INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL REPORTING财务报告导论 作者简介
薄澜,辽宁大学新华国际商学院副教授、硕士生导师、英国德蒙福特大学访问学者。主讲课程:《初级财务会计》、《中级财务会计》与《会计实务》。
张微微,辽宁大学新华国际商学院讲师、硕士生导师。教学经验丰富,主讲课程:《初级财务会计》与《会计学基础》。