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1 About the TOEFL iBT ® Test 1
Getting Started ..........................................................................................................1
How to Use This Book ............................................................. ............ .....................2
All About the TOEFL iBT® Test ..............................................................................4
Reading Section ........................................................................................................ 7
Listening Section .................................................................................................... 12
Speaking Section ..................................................................................................... 17
Writing Section ....................................................................................................... 19
About Test Scores .................................................................................................... 21
General Skill-Building Tips .................................................................................... 25
Test Preparation Tips from ETS ............................................................................. 32
Questions Frequently Asked by Test Takers .......................................................... 33 2 Reading Section 37
Reading Passages ................................................................................................... 37
Reading Questions ................................................................................................. 38
Basic Comprehension Questions ...................................................... 38
Inferencing Questions.............................................................................................45
Reading to Learn Questions ................................................................................ ..51
Strategies for Preparing for and Taking the Reading Section ................................56
Practice Set 1 ........................................................................................................ 58
Practice Set 2 ........................................................................................................ 69
Practice Set 3 ........................................................................................................ 78
Practice Set 4 ........................................................................................................ 88
Practice Set 5 ........................................................................................................ 99
Practice Set 6 ...................................................................................................... 110 3 Listening Section 121
Listening Passages .............................................................................................. 121
Conversations ..................................................................................................... 121
Lectures ……....................................................................................................... 122
Listening Questions ............................................................................................. 123
Basic Comprehension Questions ....................................................................... ..124
Pragmatic Understanding Questions ................................................................. .. 130
Connecting Information Questions .................................................................... .. 133
Strategies for Preparing for and Taking the Listening Section ......................... ...139
Listening Practice Sets ......................................................................................... 141
Practice Set 1 ...................................................................................................... 141
Practice Set 2 ...................................................................................................... 146
Practice Set 3 ...................................................................................................... 151
Practice Set 4 ...................................................................................................... 156
Practice Set 5 ...................................................................................................... 162 4 Speaking Section 167
The Speaking Section .......................................................................................... 167
Speaking Tasks ................................................................................................... 169
The Independent Task .................................................. .......................................... 169
The Integrated Tasks............................... .................... ..........................................171
Speaking Scoring Rubrics .................................................................................... 184
Independent Task: Question 1 ..............................................................................184
Integrated Tasks: Question 2, 3 and 4...................................................................... 186
Strategies for Preparing for and Taking the Speaking Section ......................... ... 188
Frequently Asked Questions About the TOEFL® Speaking Section .................. 189 5 Writing Section 191
The Writing Section ............................................................................................. 191
The Integrated Writing Task ................................................................................ 192
How the Task Is Phrased .................................................................................... 194
Strategies for Taking the Integrated Writing Task .............................................. 195
How Responses Are Scored .............................................................................. 197
Integrated Writing Scoring Rubric ...................................................................... 199
Sample Scored Responses for the Integrated Writing Task ............................... 201
The Independent Writing Task ............................................................................ 199
How Essays Are Scored ..................................................................................... 200
Independent Writing Scoring Rubric .................................................................. 203
Sample Scored Responses for the Independent Writing Task ........................... ..205
Writing for an Academic Discussion ................................................................... 205
How Responses Are Scored .............................................................................. 207
Writing for an Academic Discussion Rubric ................................................... 210
Sample Scored Responses for the Academic Discussion Writing Task ......... 212
Practice Topics for Responding to the Writing for an Academic Discussion Task........... 215
Topic List ........................................................................................................... ..215 6 Authentic TOEFL iBT ® Practice Test 1 217
Reading .................................................................................................................. 219
Listening ................................................................................................................ 233
Speaking ................................................................................................................ 245
Writing ................................................................................................................... 251
Answers, Explanations, and Listening Scripts .................................................... ...257 7 Authentic TOEFL iBT ® Practice Test 2 309
Reading .................................................................................................................. 311
Listening ................................................................................................................ 325
Speaking ................................................................................................................ 337
Writing ................................................................................................................... 343
Answers, Explanations, and Listening Scripts .................................................... ... 349 8 Authentic TOEFL iBT ® Practice Test 3 395
Reading .................................................................................................................. 397
Listening ................................................................................................................ 411
Speaking ................................................................................................................ 425
Writing ................................................................................................................... 431
Answers, Explanations, and Listening Scripts .................................................... ... 437 9 Authentic TOEFL iBT ® Practice Test 4 487
Reading .................................................................................................................. 489
Listening ................................................................................................................ 503
Speaking ................................................................................................................ 517
Writing ................................................................................................................... 523
Answers, Explanations, and Listening Scripts .................................................... .. 529 10 Writer’s Handbook for English Language Learners 581
Grammar ............................................................................................................... 581
Usage .....................................................................................................................594
Mechanics .............................................................................................................. 601
Style ....................................................................................................................... 610
Organization and Development ........................................................................... ...616
Advice to Writers ...................................................................................................629
Revising, Editing, and Proofreading .................................................................... .. 635
Glossary ................................................................................................................. 638
Appendix: Performance Feedback for Test Takers........................................ ...643