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1.1 ÓÐÏÞζÈÁ¿×Ó³¡ÂÛ 2
1.2 Ïà¶ÔÂÛÖØÀë×ÓÅöײ 3
1.3 ÆæÒì¿ä¿ËÐÇÓëÖÐ×ÓÐÇ 4
µÚ2Õ ·ÇÏà¶ÔÂÛÁ¿×ÓÉ«¶¯Á¦Ñ§ 6
2.1 ÖØζ¿ä¿ËÓÐЧÀíÂÛ 6
2.2 ¹ãÒåµÄFoldy-Wouthuysen-Tani±ä»»·½·¨ 8
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3.5 С½á 23
µÚ4Õ ÈÈÃܽéÖÊÖеĽº×Ó×ÔÄÜ 24
4.1 ÒýÑÔ 24
4.2 ÄÜÁ¿Í¶Ó°Ëã·û·½·¨ 25
4.3 µ¥È¦½º×Ó×ÔÄÜ 28
4.3.1 ´¿¸ºÄÜ̬¿ä¿ËȦͼ 29
4.3.2 È«²¿Õý¸ºÄÜ¿ä¿ËȦͼ¹±Ï׵Ľº×Ó×ÔÄÜ 33
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4.4 Ó¦ÓÃ 36
4.4.1 µÂ°ÝÆÁ±ÎÖÊÁ¿ 36
4.4.2 ¸ßÃܶȼ«ÏÞ 39
4.4.3 ÈÈÁ¦Ñ§ÊÆ 41
4.5 С½á 42
µÚ5Õ ´Å³¡ÖеĹ淶²»±äÐÔÓëÆÁ±ÎÖÊÁ¿ 43
5.1 ÒýÑÔ 43
5.2 ÈõÍâ´Å³¡Çé¿ö 45
5.2.1 Ö¸ÊýË¥¼õµÄÍâ´Å³¡ 45
5.2.2 Óëʩθñ´«²¥×Ó±È½Ï 47
5.3 ½º×Ó×ÔÄÜÓëWard-TakahashiºãµÈʽ 48
5.3.1 ½º×Ó×ÔÄܵÄÈõ³¡Õ¹¿ª 48
5.3.2 Ò»½×Èõ³¡Õ¹¿ªÏî 49
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5.4 ÆÁ±ÎÖÊÁ¿ 56
5.5 С½á 58
µÚ6Õ ×ܽáºÍÕ¹Íû 60
6.1 Ñо¿×ܽá 60
6.2 Ñо¿Õ¹Íû 61
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