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Chapter 1 Overview of wastewater ( 1 ) 1.1 Sources and characteristics of municipal wastewater ( 1 ) 1.1.1 Types and sources of municipal wastewater ( 1 ) 1.1.2 Properties and quality indexes of municipal wastewater ( 4 ) 1.1.3 Typical characteristics of municipal wastewater ( 9 ) 1.2 Significance of wastewater reuse and resource recovery ( 11 ) 1.2.1 The purpose and significance of wastewater reuse ( 11 ) 1.2.2 The significance of energy recovery from wastewater ( 12 ) 1.3 Resource and energy in municipal wastewater ( 13 ) 1.3.1 Resource types and resource feasibility ( 13 ) 1.3.2 Energy reserves and energy feasibility ( 14 ) 1.4 Low carbon technologies for municipal wastewater ( 15 ) 1.4.1 Concept of low carbon technologies ( 15 ) 1.4.2 Evaluation on low carbon technologies ( 15 )Chapter 2 Mechanism of municipal wastewater resource ( 18 ) 2.1 Phosphorus resource ( 18 ) 2.1.1 Significance of phosphorus resource ( 18 ) 2.1.2 Basic methods for phosphorus resource ( 18 ) 2.1.3 Evaluation on phosphorus resource ( 21 ) 2.2 Carbon recovery theory ( 21 ) 2.2.1 Significance of carbon recovery ( 21 ) 2.2.2 Feasibility of carbon recovery ( 22 ) 2.2.3 Basic methods of carbon recovery ( 23 ) 2.3 Mechanism of reclaimed water utilization ( 26 ) 2.3.1 Significance of water reuse ( 26 ) 2.3.2 Feasibility of water reuse ( 27 ) 2.3.3 Basic methods for water reuse ( 28 ) 2.4 Risk analysis and management of wastewater resource ( 31 ) 2.4.1 Risks in agriculture? forestry? stock raising? fishery ( 31 ) 2.4.2 Risks in urban utilization u56256 .? ( 32 )2.4.3 Risks in industrial water ( 33 )Chapter 3 Processes and technologies for wastewater resource ( 36 ) 3.1 Processes and designment for phosphorus resource ( 36 ) 3.1.1 Mechanism of biological method for phosphorus removal ( 36 ) 3.1.2 Mechanism of chemical method for phosphorus removal ( 38 ) 3.1.3 Designment and utilization of phosphorus resource ( 39 ) 3.2 Carbon recovery process and design ( 42 ) 3.2.1 Biological principles and processes of carbon recovery ( 43 ) 3.2.2 Chemical principles and processes of carbon recovery ( 45 ) 3.2.3 Design and engineering applications of carbon recovery ( 49 ) 3.3 The preparation process and application of reclaimed water ( 64 ) 3.3.1 Principle and advanced treatment for reclaimed water ( 64 ) 3.3.2 Reclaimed water design and engineered applications ( 69 ) 3.3.3 Safety assessment technology of reclaimed water ( 77 )Chapter 4 Low carbon technologies of wastewater ( 82 ) 4.1 Anaerobic technologies of wastewater ( 82 ) 4.1.1 Mechanisms of anaerobic technologies ( 82 ) 4.1.2 Anaerobic technologies ( 84 ) 4.1.3 Designment and utilization of anaerobic technologies ( 85 ) 4.2 Anaerobic-aerobic process (AP / O) ( 89 ) 4.3 Anaerobic-anoxic- aerobic process (A/ A/ O) ( 90 ) 4.3.1 The basic process ( 91 ) 4.3.2 The influence of environment conditions on the A/ A/ O ( 91 ) 4.3.3 The problems of the A/ A/ O process and the modification ( 93 ) 4.3.4 The designment of the A/ A/ O process ( 93 ) 4.4 Denitrifying phosphorus removal ( 94 ) 4.4.1 Definition of denitrifying phosphorus removal ( 94 ) 4.4.2 Denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria ( 94 ) 4.4.3 Principle of denitrifying phosphorus removal ( 96 ) 4.4.4 Processes of denitrifying phosphorus removal ( 96 ) 4.4.5 Types of denitrifying phosphorus removal processes ( 96 ) 4.4.6 Factors influencing denitrifying phosphorus removal ( 99 ) 4.5 Energy resource and utilization (102) 4.5.1 Biogas production by anaerobic digestion (103) 4.5.2 Volatile short-chain fatty acid production by fermentation (104) 4.5.3 Generation electricity by sludge incineration (106) 4.5.4 Hydrogen production (107) 4.5.5 Biochar production (109) 4.5.6 Biodegradable plastic production (110) 4.5.7 Fertilizer production (111)4.5.8 Other resource technologies (113 ) 4.5.9 Designment of sludge resource (114) 4.6 Optimized operation of wastewater treatment plant (127) 4.6.1 Strategies for improving energy efficiency of WWTPs (127) 4.6.2 Optimized operation and management of WWTPs (130) 4.7 Low-carbon operation strategy (134) 4.7.1 Low-carbon technology orientation (134) 4.7.2 Evaluation of low-carbon technologies (139)Chapter 5 Control and Resource on sludge (146) 5.1 Overview (146) 5.1.1 The principle for the sludge treatment (147) 5.1.2 The basic method for sludge treatment (147) 5.1.3 The basic process for sludge treatment (148) 5.2 Kinds? characteristics? and calculations (148) 5.2.1 Component and kinds of the sludge (148) 5.2.2 Indexes of the sludge (149) 5.2.3 Calculation of sludge volume (151) 5.3 Sludge thickening (152) 5.3.1 The gravity thickening (152) 5.3.2 The flotation thickening (153) 5.4 Sludge digestion (154) 5.4.1 Anaerobic digestion (154) 5.4.2 Aerobic digestion (154) 5.5 Sludge conditioning (155) 5.5.1 Chemical conditioning (155) 5.5.2 Heat conditioning (155) 5.5.3 Elutriation conditioning (156) 5.5.4 Freezing solution conditioning (156) 5.6 Sludge dewatering (156) 5.6.1 The natural drying of sludge (156) 5.6.2 The mechanical dewatering of sludge (157) 5.7 Sludge drying and incineration u56256 .? (159) 5.8 Comprehensive utilization and ultimate disposal of the sludge (159) 5.8.1 Agricultural fertilizer (159) 5.8.2 Building materials (160) 5.8.3 Landfill (160) 5.8.4 Land use (160) 5.8.5 Compost (161)5.8.6 Thermolysis (161)Chapter 6 Reclaimed water preparation and applications (164 ) 6.1 Overview of reclaimed water (164) 6.2 Standard for reclaimed water quality (166) 6.3 Treatment processes for reclaimed water (168) 6.3.1 Removal of pathogenic microorganisms by wastewater regeneration (169) 6.3.2 Removal of chemical pollutants by wastewater regeneration (171) 6.4 Disinfection and risk assessment of reclaimed water (173) 6.5 Technology for safety guarantee of reclaimed water (180) 6.6 Potential risks of reclaimed water utilization (183) 6.6.1 Potential risks of reclaimed water used in agriculture? forestry? animal husbandry andfishery (183) 6.6.2 Potential risks of miscellaneous urban use of reclaimed water (185) 6.6.3 Potential risks of industrial reuse of reclaimed water (187) 6.6.4 Potential risks of groundwater recharge by reclaimed water u56256 .? (188)Chapter 7 Typical cases of wastewater recycling (192) 7.1 The Chengdong reclaimed water plant in Jiaxing (192) 7.1.1 Project background (192) 7.1.2 Design of reclaimed water plant (194) 7.1.3 Technology of reclaimed water plant (198) 7.1.4 Process of reclaimed water plant (201) 7.2 Huaifang reclaimed water plant in Beijing (210) 7.2.1 Project background (210) 7.2.2 Design of reclaimed water plant (212) 7.2.3 Technology of reclaimed water plant (214) 7.2.4 Process of reclaimed water plant (214) 7.3 Sheboygan reclaimed water plant in Wisconsin (219) 7.3.1 Project background (219) 7.3.2 Design of reclaimed water plant (220) 7.3.3 Technology of reclaimed water plant (221) 7.3.4 Process of reclaimed water plant (225)