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Chapter 1 Identification of functional microorganisms via cultivation-independent approach 1£®1 Overview 1£®2 PAHs-degrading microorganisms and genes 1£®3 Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) 1£®4 Stable isotope probing (SIP) 1£®5 Metagenomics based onhigh throughput sequencing 1£®6 Transcriptomics 1£®7 Single-cell technology 1£®8 Magnetic-nanoparticle mediated isolation (MMI) References Chapter 2 Microbial degradation of organophosphorus pesticides via pure cultivation approach£º novel degraders£¬ kineticsand functional genes 2£®1 Overview 2£®2 Isolation and characterization of OPs-degrading microorganisms 2£®3 Effects of pH and temperature on OPs biodegradation 2£®4 Kinetic analysis of OPs degradation 2£®5 Identification of OPs-degrading genes 2£®6 Genotoxicityassessment of OPs and their degradation products by the whole-cell bioreporter ADP1_recA 65 2£®7 Future prospectives References Chapter 3 Unraveling uncultivable pesticide degraders via stable isotope probing (SIP) 3£®1 Overview 3£®1£®1 Application and impactsof pesticides 3£®1£®2 Microbial degradation of pesticides 3£®2 Stable isotope probing for identifying functional microbes 3£®2£®1 Principles of stable isotope probing 3£®2£®2 SIP as a promising tool in identifying functional microbes 3£®3 Application of SIP in identifyingactive pesticide degraders and studying bacterial diversity and function 3£®3£®1 Direct application with stable isotope labeled pesticide 3£®3£®2 Application with stable isotope in pesticide metabolites and similar compounds 3£®4 Technical details of applying DNA-SIPin identifying functional pesticide degraders 3£®4£®1 In situ inoculation 3£®4£®2 Extraction and fractionation 3£®4£®3 Sequencing and analysis 3£®5 Combination of DNA-SIP with other techniques 3£®5£®1 Coupling with sequencing-based approaches 3£®5£®2 Coupling with singlecell techniques 3£®5£®3 Coupling with other approaches for unraveling microbial functions 3£®6 Challenges and perspectives References Chapter 4 Identification of chlorpyrifos-degrading microorganisms in farmland soils via cultivation-independent and -dependentapproaches 4£®1 Overview 4£®2 CPF biodegradation in soil 4£®2 MNPs synthesis and functionalization of soils 4£®3 Microorganisms responsible for CPF biodegradation identified by MMI 4£®3 Isolation of CPF-degraders by pure cultivation 4£®4 Identification of organophosphorushydrolase (OPH) genes affected in CPF metabolism 4£®5 The degradation metabolite of CPF 4£®6 Comparison between the degraders isolated via MMI and pure cultivation 4£®7 Future prospectives References Chapter 5 Negative correlations between cultivable and uncultivablepyrene degraders explain bioaugmentation postpone 5£®1 Overview 5£®2 Biodegradation and bioaugmentation performance 5£®3 Microbial community diversity and structure during pyrene degradation process 5£®4 Pyrene degraders revealed by cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independentmethods 5£®5 Intra-correlation within soil bacterial community 5£®6 Dynamics of pyrene dioxygenase encoding genes 5£®7 Metabolites and degradation pathway of pyrene 5£®8 Comparative analysis of the bioaugmentation performance of PAHs degraders isolated via MMIand pure cultivation 5£®9 Future prospectives References