Key basic scientific problems on near-space vehicles

Key basic scientific problems on near-space vehicles ÄÚÈݼò½é

¡¡¡¡As Lao Tzu said£¬"A huge tree grows from a tiny seedling a nine-storied tower rises from a heap of earth." Basic research is the fundamental approach to fostering innovation-driven development£¬and its level becomes an important yardstick for measuring the overall scientific and national strength of a country. Since the beginning of the 21st century£¬China's overall strength in basic research has been consistently increasing. With respect to input and output£¬China's input in basic research increased by 14.8 times from 5.22 billion yuan in 2001 to 82.29 billion yuan in 2016£¬with an average annual increase of 20.2%. In the same period£¬the number of China's scientific papers included in the Science Citation Index £¨SCI£©increased from lower than 40£¬000 to 324£¬000;China rose from the 6th to the 2nd place in global ranking in terms of the number ofpublished papers. In regard to the quality of output£¬in 2016£¬China ranked No. 2 in the world in terms of citations in 9 disciplines£¬among which the materials science ranked No. 1;as of October 2017£¬China ranked No. 3 in the world in the numbers of both Highly Cited Papers (top 1%£© and Hot Papers (top 0.1%£©£¬with the latter accounting for 25.1% of the global total. In talent cultivation£¬in 2006£¬China had 175 scientists (136 ofwhom from the Chinese mainland£© included in Thomson Reuters' list of Highly Cited Researchers£¬ranking 4th globally and lst in Asia.Meanwhile£¬we should also be keenly aware that China's basic research is still facing great challenges. First£¬funding for basic research in China is still far less than that in developed countries-only about 5% of the R&D funds in China are used for basic research£¬a much lower percentage than 15%-20% in developed countries. Second£¬competence for original innovation in China is insufficient.Major original scientific achievements that have global impact are still rare. Most of the scientific research projects are just a follow-up or imitation of existing research£¬rather than groundbreaking research. Third£¬the development of disciplines is not balanced£¬and China's research level in some disciplines is noticeably lower than the international level-China's Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI£© in disciplines just reached 0.94 in 2016£¬lower than the world average of 1.0.Lao Tzu said£¬ "A huge tree grows from a tiny seedling; a nine-storied tower rises from a heap of earth." Basic research is the fundamental approach to fostering innovation-driven development£¬ and its level becomes an important yardstick for measuring the overall scientific and national strength of a country. Since the beginning of the 21st century£¬ China's overall strength in basic research has been consistently increasing. With respect to input and output£¬ China's input in basic research increased by 14.8 times from 5.22 billion yuan in 2001 to 82.29 billion yuan in 2016£¬ with an average annual increase of 20.2%. In the same period£¬ the number of China's scientific papers included in the Science Citation Index (SCI£©increased from lower than 40£¬000 to 324£¬000; China rose from the 6th to the 2nd place in global ranking in terms of the number ofpublished papers. In regard to the quality of output£¬ in 2016£¬ China ranked No. 2 in the world in terms of citations in 9 disciplines£¬ among which the materials science ranked No. 1; as of October 2017£¬China ranked No. 3 in the world in the numbers of both Highly Cited Papers (top 1%£© and Hot Papers (top 0.1%£©£¬ with the latter accounting for 25.1% of the global total. In talent cultivation£¬ in 2006£¬ China had 175 scientists (136 ofwhom from the Chinese mainland£© included in Thomson Reuters' list of Highly Cited Researchers£¬ranking 4th globally and lst in Asia.Meanwhile£¬ we should also be keenly aware that China's basic research is still facing great challenges. First£¬ funding for basic research in China is still far less than that in developed countries-only about 5% of the R&D funds in China are used for basic research£¬ a much lower percentage than 15%-20% in developed countries. Second£¬ competence for original innovation in China is insufficient.Major original scientific achievements that have global impact are still rare. Most of the scientific research projects are just a follow-up or imitation of existing research£¬rather than groundbreaking research. Third£¬ the development of disciplines is not balanced£¬ and China's research level in some disciplines is noticeably lower than the international level-China's Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI£© in disciplines just reached 0.94 in 2016£¬ lower than the world average of 1.0.