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空间科学概论(英文版) 版权信息
- ISBN：9787030724557
- 条形码：9787030724557 ; 978-7-03-072455-7
- 装帧：一般胶版纸
- 册数：暂无
- 重量：暂无
- 所属分类：>
空间科学概论(英文版) 内容简介
空间科学是以航天器为主要工作平台研究行星地球、日地空间、太阳系乃至整个宇宙，回答太阳系及宇宙形成与演化、生命起源与进化、物质结构等重大科学问题的交叉性、综合性新兴科学领域。本书从人类利用航天器探索和进入空间的历史开始，介绍空间科学各分支领域研究的重大科学前沿问题、开展空间科学研究推荐的基础性技术知识，以及航天器研制过程的基础性管理知识，同时涉及空间科学领域靠前合作的必要性且进行案例分析，并对中国空间科学未来发展的规划进行了阐述。
空间科学概论(英文版) 目录
Contents
Foreword i
Preface iii
Chapter 1 Reasons to Conduct Research in Space 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 To Explore the Unknown Space Environment 2
1.3 To Break Free from the Barrier of Atmosphere to Electromagnetic Wave 3
1.4 To Utilize the Orbital Altitude Resources 3
1.5 To Unveil the Mystery of the Earth’s Gravitational Field 4
1.6 To Make Full Use of Other Aspects of Space Environments 5
1.7 Definition of Space Science 5
References 7
Chapter 2 History of Human Space Exploration 8
2.1 Introduction 8
2.2 History of Space Exploration 9
2.3 Technology Advancement of Ground-based Observations Since Galileo 12
2.4 A Brief History of Human’s Access to Space 16
2.5 Recent Technology Progress of Space Exploration 21
2.5.1 Rocketry 21
2.5.2 Satellite and Spacecraft 23
2.5.3 TT&C and Communication 24
2.5.4 Launch and Recovery 25
References 26
Chapter 3 Major Frontier Issues in Space Science (Ⅰ) 27
3.1 Introduction 27
3.2 Origin of the Universe and Its Evolution 28
3.2.1 Time Dimension 28 3.2.2 Spatial Dimension 30
3.2.3 Questions of Great Significance 31
3.3 Impact of Solar Activities on Human Beings 37
3.3.1 Solar Activity 37
3.3.2 Interplanetary Space Weather 37
3.3.3 Magnetosphere of the Earth 38
3.3.4 Earth’s Ionosphere 40
3.3.5 Middle and Upper Atmosphere 41
3.3.6 Questions of Great Significance 42
References 44
Chapter 4 Major Frontiers Issues in Space Science (Ⅱ) 45
4.1 Introduction 45
4.2 Earth System and Its Future Changes 45
4.2.1 Spheres and Cycles of the Earth 45
4.2.2 Questions of Great Significance 52
4.3 Microgravity Science and Space Life Sciences 53
4.3.1 How to Simulate Microgravity Environment 53
4.3.2 What Changes Under Microgravity? 57
4.3.3 Biological Radiation Effect 58
4.3.4 Fundamental Physics Experiment 58
4.3.5 Questions of Great Significance 59
References 60
Chapter 5 Space Systems Engineering and Its Systems 61
5.1 Introduction 61
5.2 Space Systems Engineering 61
5.2.1 Complexity 62
5.2.2 High Risk 63
5.2.3 High Cost 64
5.2.4 Sensitiveness to Political and Social Benefits 65
5.3 System Components of Space Systems Engineering 66
5.3.1 Satellite / Spacecraft System 67
5.3.2 Launch Vehicle System 67
5.3.3 Launch Site System 68
5.3.4 TT&C System 72
5.3.5 Ground Application System 73 Reference 74
Chapter 6 Technical Fundamentals (Ⅰ): Orbit， Attitude， and TT&C 75
6.1 Introduction 75
6.2 Basic Concepts About Space and Time 75
6.2.1 About Position 76
6.2.2 About Time 78
6.3 Fundamentals of Spacecraft Orbit Dynamics 79
6.3.1 Johannes Kepler’s Three Major Laws of Planetary Motion 79
6.3.2 Spacecraft Orbit Dynamics 80
6.3.3 Examples of Commonly-Used Orbits 82
6.3.4 Orbit Maneuver and Limited Thrust 85
6.4 Fundamentals of Satellite Altitude Dynamics 87
6.4.1 Commonly-Used Altitude Stabilization Methods 87
6.4.2 Satellite Attitudes Description 88
6.4.3 Satellite Attitude Control 89
6.5 TT&C 90
6.5.1 Responsibilities of the TT&C System 90
6.5.2 Technical Systems of the TT&C System 91
6.5.3 Chinese TT&C Network 91
6.5.4 Satellite Tracking and Methods of Orbit Measurement and Determination 92
References 93
Chapter 7 Technical Fundamentals (Ⅱ): Scientific Payloads and Its Application Environment 94
7.1 Introduction 94
7.2 Space Science and Science Payloads 95
7.2.1 Electrostatic Field， Magnetostatic Field， and Low-frequency Electromagnetic Wave Detectors 96
7.2.2 Low-frequency Radio Sensor 97
7.2.3 Microwave Remote Sensor 98
7.2.4 Millimeter-wave and Submillimeter-wave Remote Sensor 99
7.2.5 Terahertz Remote Sensor 99
7.2.6 Infrared Remote Sensor 100
7.2.7 Visible Light Remote Sensor 101
7.2.8 Ultraviolet Remote Sensor 102
7.2.9 X-ray Remote Sensor 102
7.2.10 Gamma-ray Detectors 103
7.2.11 Electron and Particle Detectors 104
7.2.12 Utility Equipment 104
7.3 Satellite’s Environmental Requirements for the Science Payloads 105
7.3.1 Mechanical Environment Requirements 105
7.3.2 Thermal Environment Requirements 107
7.3.3 Power Usage Requirements 108
7.3.4 Electromagnetic Compatibility Environment Requirements 108
7.3.5 Control and Information Usage Requirements 110
7.3.6 Radiation Environment Requirements 110
References 111
Chapter 8 Technical Fundamentals (Ⅲ): Mission Planning and Operations 112
8.1 Introduction 112
8.2 Application System of Space Science Missions 113
8.2.1 Six Systems of Space Science Missions 113
8.2.2 Science Application System 113
8.2.3 Ground Support System 114
8.2.4 System Development Procedure 114
8.3 Planning of Space Science Missions 115
8.3.1 Analysis of the Requirements for Detection and Experiment 115
8.3.2 Spacecraft Conditions and Resource Constraints 118
8.3.3 Compiling and Execution of Mission Plans 121
8.4
Foreword i
Preface iii
Chapter 1 Reasons to Conduct Research in Space 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 To Explore the Unknown Space Environment 2
1.3 To Break Free from the Barrier of Atmosphere to Electromagnetic Wave 3
1.4 To Utilize the Orbital Altitude Resources 3
1.5 To Unveil the Mystery of the Earth’s Gravitational Field 4
1.6 To Make Full Use of Other Aspects of Space Environments 5
1.7 Definition of Space Science 5
References 7
Chapter 2 History of Human Space Exploration 8
2.1 Introduction 8
2.2 History of Space Exploration 9
2.3 Technology Advancement of Ground-based Observations Since Galileo 12
2.4 A Brief History of Human’s Access to Space 16
2.5 Recent Technology Progress of Space Exploration 21
2.5.1 Rocketry 21
2.5.2 Satellite and Spacecraft 23
2.5.3 TT&C and Communication 24
2.5.4 Launch and Recovery 25
References 26
Chapter 3 Major Frontier Issues in Space Science (Ⅰ) 27
3.1 Introduction 27
3.2 Origin of the Universe and Its Evolution 28
3.2.1 Time Dimension 28 3.2.2 Spatial Dimension 30
3.2.3 Questions of Great Significance 31
3.3 Impact of Solar Activities on Human Beings 37
3.3.1 Solar Activity 37
3.3.2 Interplanetary Space Weather 37
3.3.3 Magnetosphere of the Earth 38
3.3.4 Earth’s Ionosphere 40
3.3.5 Middle and Upper Atmosphere 41
3.3.6 Questions of Great Significance 42
References 44
Chapter 4 Major Frontiers Issues in Space Science (Ⅱ) 45
4.1 Introduction 45
4.2 Earth System and Its Future Changes 45
4.2.1 Spheres and Cycles of the Earth 45
4.2.2 Questions of Great Significance 52
4.3 Microgravity Science and Space Life Sciences 53
4.3.1 How to Simulate Microgravity Environment 53
4.3.2 What Changes Under Microgravity? 57
4.3.3 Biological Radiation Effect 58
4.3.4 Fundamental Physics Experiment 58
4.3.5 Questions of Great Significance 59
References 60
Chapter 5 Space Systems Engineering and Its Systems 61
5.1 Introduction 61
5.2 Space Systems Engineering 61
5.2.1 Complexity 62
5.2.2 High Risk 63
5.2.3 High Cost 64
5.2.4 Sensitiveness to Political and Social Benefits 65
5.3 System Components of Space Systems Engineering 66
5.3.1 Satellite / Spacecraft System 67
5.3.2 Launch Vehicle System 67
5.3.3 Launch Site System 68
5.3.4 TT&C System 72
5.3.5 Ground Application System 73 Reference 74
Chapter 6 Technical Fundamentals (Ⅰ): Orbit， Attitude， and TT&C 75
6.1 Introduction 75
6.2 Basic Concepts About Space and Time 75
6.2.1 About Position 76
6.2.2 About Time 78
6.3 Fundamentals of Spacecraft Orbit Dynamics 79
6.3.1 Johannes Kepler’s Three Major Laws of Planetary Motion 79
6.3.2 Spacecraft Orbit Dynamics 80
6.3.3 Examples of Commonly-Used Orbits 82
6.3.4 Orbit Maneuver and Limited Thrust 85
6.4 Fundamentals of Satellite Altitude Dynamics 87
6.4.1 Commonly-Used Altitude Stabilization Methods 87
6.4.2 Satellite Attitudes Description 88
6.4.3 Satellite Attitude Control 89
6.5 TT&C 90
6.5.1 Responsibilities of the TT&C System 90
6.5.2 Technical Systems of the TT&C System 91
6.5.3 Chinese TT&C Network 91
6.5.4 Satellite Tracking and Methods of Orbit Measurement and Determination 92
References 93
Chapter 7 Technical Fundamentals (Ⅱ): Scientific Payloads and Its Application Environment 94
7.1 Introduction 94
7.2 Space Science and Science Payloads 95
7.2.1 Electrostatic Field， Magnetostatic Field， and Low-frequency Electromagnetic Wave Detectors 96
7.2.2 Low-frequency Radio Sensor 97
7.2.3 Microwave Remote Sensor 98
7.2.4 Millimeter-wave and Submillimeter-wave Remote Sensor 99
7.2.5 Terahertz Remote Sensor 99
7.2.6 Infrared Remote Sensor 100
7.2.7 Visible Light Remote Sensor 101
7.2.8 Ultraviolet Remote Sensor 102
7.2.9 X-ray Remote Sensor 102
7.2.10 Gamma-ray Detectors 103
7.2.11 Electron and Particle Detectors 104
7.2.12 Utility Equipment 104
7.3 Satellite’s Environmental Requirements for the Science Payloads 105
7.3.1 Mechanical Environment Requirements 105
7.3.2 Thermal Environment Requirements 107
7.3.3 Power Usage Requirements 108
7.3.4 Electromagnetic Compatibility Environment Requirements 108
7.3.5 Control and Information Usage Requirements 110
7.3.6 Radiation Environment Requirements 110
References 111
Chapter 8 Technical Fundamentals (Ⅲ): Mission Planning and Operations 112
8.1 Introduction 112
8.2 Application System of Space Science Missions 113
8.2.1 Six Systems of Space Science Missions 113
8.2.2 Science Application System 113
8.2.3 Ground Support System 114
8.2.4 System Development Procedure 114
8.3 Planning of Space Science Missions 115
8.3.1 Analysis of the Requirements for Detection and Experiment 115
8.3.2 Spacecraft Conditions and Resource Constraints 118
8.3.3 Compiling and Execution of Mission Plans 121
8.4
展开全部
空间科学概论(英文版) 节选
Chapter 1 Reasons to Conduct Research in Space 1.1 Introduction What are the reasons to conduct research in space? For many disciplines， even including astronomy， research could be carried out on the ground. For example， Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) pioneered the practical ground observation of celestial bodies using telescopes. Another example is the employment of ground-based radars to observe and study the ionosphere. Even so， there’s still a lot of research that can’t be done on the ground， which necessitates the research in space. This chapter will focus on the reasons to go into space. From the beginning of the space age， the fundamental and foremost objective of carrying out research in space is to unveil the mystery of space and increase our knowledge of space. Before the launch of the first artificial satellite in 1957， the outer space reaching beyond the atmosphere is shrouded in mystery， where the neutral atmosphere thins out and is ionized by the ultraviolet light from the Sun when it reaches further out， hence creating the ionosphere. But， questions remain to be answered， e.g.， how the electrons and ions in the ionosphere are distributed and how do they move? What effect does the Earth’s magnetic field exert on these charged particles? After gaining access to space， for the first time in human history， we have the opportunity to observe the Earth from hundreds or even thousands of kilometers away. When we observe it from such a distance， our perceptions of the Earth become very different. The changes that the Earth presents to us become systematic， such as the formation and movement of typhoons. What’s more， once breaking free from the obstacles of the atmosphere， we have the liberty to make full use of the resources of the entire electromagnetic spectrum. The low-frequency electromagnetic waves， terahertz， and infrared wavelengths， as well as wavelengths beyond the ultraviolet are normally blocked by the atmosphere. Entering space enables us to observe the universe in the full electromagnetic spectrum. For an in-orbit spacecraft， the centrifugal force generated by its rotation around the Earth is offset by the gravitational force of the Earth， providing us with an equivalent microgravity environment for a long period of time. Previously， our understanding of the kinetic properties of matter and the rule of life activity is actually based on the condition of the gravity of the Earth. So， if we remove the gravity， will the movement of matter and life remain the same? In short， gaining access to space is to enter a larger laboratory where the experiments previously impossible on the ground can be carried out. 1.2 To Explore the Unknown Space Environment Before the space age， the human knowledge of space was limited to speculations and theoretical conjectures. The atmosphere thinned out， but then what? The ultraviolet light from the Sun ionizes atoms in the atmosphere， allowing electrons to escape and correspondingly form the ionosphere. The answer was not clear in 1901， when Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937)， an Italian radio engineer， successfully transmitted a radio signal across the Atlantic. Marconi was puzzled for a long time by the fluctuation of radio waves， which apparently traveled a winding path to reach the destination thousands of kilometers away. We now know that， for a transmission distance of more than 5，000km from the west coast of Europe to the east coast of the United States， the radio waves reached the receivers with the help of ionospheric reflections. It turns out that Marconi’s first successful transoceanic radio communication in 1901 verified the existence of the ionosphere. The human knowledge about the ionosphere stopped there. By that time， we still did not know where the upper boundary of the ionosphere was， or how positively charged ions and negatively charged electrons in the ionosphere behaved. Only after 1957 did the answers to these questions became clear. Therefore， to study the unknown space environment is the core of space research. This is especially the case for the first artificial satellite launched by the Soviet Union on October 4， 1957， and the first American artificial satellite launched on January 31， 1958. Malfunctions were detected on the instruments for both satellites and American scientists tended to believe that the malfunctions were not due to the instrument itself but rather to the existence of an intense high-energy particle zone in the near-Earth space， which was later identified and consequently named as Van Allen belt. This is the first major discovery in the space history of mankind. 1.3 To Break Free from the Barrier of Atmosphere to Electromagnetic Wave Since Galileo pointed his telescope into space， human beings have broken the limita-tions of space observation with the naked eye and began to use scientific instruments to observe the universe. The spectrum of electro
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