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机能实验学(第二版)(英文版) 版权信息
- ISBN：9787030339898
- 条形码：9787030339898 ; 978-7-03-033989-8
- 装帧：一般胶版纸
- 册数：暂无
- 重量：暂无
- 所属分类：>>
机能实验学(第二版)(英文版) 内容简介
本书从培养医学生的实验能力出发，系统地介绍了基础医学实验中与生理学、病理生理学和药理学相关的实验知识、方法和实验操作技能。书中既包含大量与医学理论课联系密切的验证性经典实验内容，又有对学生综合实验素质培养的综合性、探索性实验内容，并介绍了与医学科研相关的基础知识，对培养学生的创新思维能力有一定的帮助。本书为双语教材，提供了大量的专业医学词汇，对提高学生专业英语能力也可有较大的帮助。
机能实验学(第二版)(英文版) 目录
Contents
Chapter 1. An Introduction of Functional Experimentation（1）
chapter 2. Basic Knowledge and Theory（7）
Section 1. Biological Characteristics and Application of Commonly Used Laboratory Animals（7）
Section 2. Biological Data Acquisition Systems（13）
Section 3. Selection and Design Principles of Medica1 Scientific Research Topics（20）
Section 4. Medical Information Retrieval（27）
Section 5. Writing Methods of Scientific Papers and Lab Reports（30）
Section 6. Laboratory Safety and Rules（35）
Chapter 3. Basic Methods of Animal Experiments（43）
Section 1. Anima1 Capture and Restraint（43）
Section 2. Anima1 Numbering（46）
Section 3. Drug Administration for Laboratory Animals（48）
Section 4. Anesthesia of Laboratory Animals（52）
Section 5. Unhairing of Laboratory Animals（57）
Section 6. Blood Collection of Laboratory Animals（58）
Section 7. Euthanasia Methods of Laboratory Animals（65）
Chapter 4. Basic Techniques in Experimental Animals Surgical Operation（67）
Section 1. Traditiona1 Surgical Instruments（67）
Section 2. Technique of Animals Catheterization（69）
Section 3. Haemostasis and Technique of Knots Making（72）
Section 4. Technique of Wound Sutures（Stitches）and Sutures Out（74）
Chapter 5. Basic Experiments（76）
Experiment 1. The Nature of Muscle Contraction（76）
Experiment 2. Measurement of Conduction Velocity of Action Potential and Excitability from Neural Trunk（78）
Experiment 3. Determination of Hemoglobin Content and Red Blood Cell Osmotic Fragility（82）
Experiment 4. Premature Contraction and Compensatory Pause（84）
Experiment 5. Chemicals on the regulation of ex vivo heart activities（86）
Experiment 6. Measurement of Human Arterial Blood Pressure（88）
Experiment 7. Recording of Human Electrocardiogram（91）
Experiment 8. Pulmonary Function Tests（93）
Experiment 9. Regulation of Respiratory Movements（96）
Experiment 10. Physio1ogical Properties of the Isolated Gastrointestinal Smooth Musclc（98）
Experiment 11. Factors That Influencing Urine Formation（100）
Experiment 12. Damage Effects of Unilateral Labyrinth and Cochlear Potential Induction from Guinea Pigs（103）
Experiment 13. Examination of Visual Flelds and scotomas（105）
Experiment 14. Analysis of Reflex Arc and the Basic Features of the Reflex Activities（107）
Experiment 15. Experimental Pulmonary Edema in Rabbits（111）
Experiment 16. Effect of Different Factors on Hypoxic To1erance（113）
Experiment 17. Influence of pH of Body Fluids on Drug Absorption（114）
Experiment 18. One-Compartment Open Model and Calculation of the Pharmacokinetic Parameters（115）
Experiment 19. Two-Compartment open Model and Calculation of the Phannacokinetic Parameters（119）
Experiment 20. Determination of Medial Lethal Dose（IDSO） of Drug（122）
Experiment 21. The Antergic Experiments of Drug-the Binding Assay of Radio-Ligand and Receptor（123）
Experiment 22. Intoxication and Detoxication of Organophosphates（126）
Experiment 23. Effects of Drugs by Different Dosage Forms（128）
Experiment 24. Effects of Drugs by Different Routes of Administration（130）
Experiment 25. Basic Effects of Drugs（131）
Experiment 26. Factors Influencing Drug Effects（133）
Experiment 27. Observation of Analgesic Action of Drugs with Writhing Method（136）
Experiment 28. Anticonvulsant Effect of the Drug（137）
Experiment 29. Effects of Drugs on Learning and Memory of Animal（Mice step-down experiment，rat shuttle box experiment，morris water maze experiment）（139）
Experiment 30. Effects of Hydrocortisone on Mice Ear Swelling Induced by Xylol（144）
Expryiment 31. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Dexamethasone on Rat Paw Edema（145）
Expryiment 32. Effects of Cardiac Glycosides on Heart Failure（147）
Experiment 33. Antibacterial ExperiInent of Antibacterial Agents in Vitro（150）
Experiment 34. Antibacterial Experiment of Antibacterial Agents in Vivo（152）
chapter 6. Comprehensive Experiments（157）
Experiment 1. Different Types of Hypoxia（157）
Experiment 2. Hyperkalemia in Rabbits（159）
Experiment 3. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Rabbit（161）
Experiment 4. Disorders of Acid-Base Balance and Its Experimental Therapy in Rabbits（166）
Experiment 5. Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Intestine（170）
Experiment 6. Acute Endotoxic Shock（172）
Expryiment 7. Hemorrhagic Shock and Alterations of the Mirocirculation in Rabbit（175）
Experiment 8. Regulation of the Cardiovascular System and Acute Cardiac Failure（178）
Experiment 9. Effects of Experimental pneumothorax on Respiration Circulation and Acid-Base Balance in Rabbits（183）
Experiment 10. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Pharmacotherapy（186）
Experiment 11. Hepatic Encephalopathy and Its Treatment（189）
Experiment 12 Determination of Endogenous Creatinine Clearance Rate and Excretion Fraction of Sodium Filtration in Acute Renal Failure（192）
Experiment 13. Reproduction of Multiple Organ Dysfunctio
Chapter 1. An Introduction of Functional Experimentation（1）
chapter 2. Basic Knowledge and Theory（7）
Section 1. Biological Characteristics and Application of Commonly Used Laboratory Animals（7）
Section 2. Biological Data Acquisition Systems（13）
Section 3. Selection and Design Principles of Medica1 Scientific Research Topics（20）
Section 4. Medical Information Retrieval（27）
Section 5. Writing Methods of Scientific Papers and Lab Reports（30）
Section 6. Laboratory Safety and Rules（35）
Chapter 3. Basic Methods of Animal Experiments（43）
Section 1. Anima1 Capture and Restraint（43）
Section 2. Anima1 Numbering（46）
Section 3. Drug Administration for Laboratory Animals（48）
Section 4. Anesthesia of Laboratory Animals（52）
Section 5. Unhairing of Laboratory Animals（57）
Section 6. Blood Collection of Laboratory Animals（58）
Section 7. Euthanasia Methods of Laboratory Animals（65）
Chapter 4. Basic Techniques in Experimental Animals Surgical Operation（67）
Section 1. Traditiona1 Surgical Instruments（67）
Section 2. Technique of Animals Catheterization（69）
Section 3. Haemostasis and Technique of Knots Making（72）
Section 4. Technique of Wound Sutures（Stitches）and Sutures Out（74）
Chapter 5. Basic Experiments（76）
Experiment 1. The Nature of Muscle Contraction（76）
Experiment 2. Measurement of Conduction Velocity of Action Potential and Excitability from Neural Trunk（78）
Experiment 3. Determination of Hemoglobin Content and Red Blood Cell Osmotic Fragility（82）
Experiment 4. Premature Contraction and Compensatory Pause（84）
Experiment 5. Chemicals on the regulation of ex vivo heart activities（86）
Experiment 6. Measurement of Human Arterial Blood Pressure（88）
Experiment 7. Recording of Human Electrocardiogram（91）
Experiment 8. Pulmonary Function Tests（93）
Experiment 9. Regulation of Respiratory Movements（96）
Experiment 10. Physio1ogical Properties of the Isolated Gastrointestinal Smooth Musclc（98）
Experiment 11. Factors That Influencing Urine Formation（100）
Experiment 12. Damage Effects of Unilateral Labyrinth and Cochlear Potential Induction from Guinea Pigs（103）
Experiment 13. Examination of Visual Flelds and scotomas（105）
Experiment 14. Analysis of Reflex Arc and the Basic Features of the Reflex Activities（107）
Experiment 15. Experimental Pulmonary Edema in Rabbits（111）
Experiment 16. Effect of Different Factors on Hypoxic To1erance（113）
Experiment 17. Influence of pH of Body Fluids on Drug Absorption（114）
Experiment 18. One-Compartment Open Model and Calculation of the Pharmacokinetic Parameters（115）
Experiment 19. Two-Compartment open Model and Calculation of the Phannacokinetic Parameters（119）
Experiment 20. Determination of Medial Lethal Dose（IDSO） of Drug（122）
Experiment 21. The Antergic Experiments of Drug-the Binding Assay of Radio-Ligand and Receptor（123）
Experiment 22. Intoxication and Detoxication of Organophosphates（126）
Experiment 23. Effects of Drugs by Different Dosage Forms（128）
Experiment 24. Effects of Drugs by Different Routes of Administration（130）
Experiment 25. Basic Effects of Drugs（131）
Experiment 26. Factors Influencing Drug Effects（133）
Experiment 27. Observation of Analgesic Action of Drugs with Writhing Method（136）
Experiment 28. Anticonvulsant Effect of the Drug（137）
Experiment 29. Effects of Drugs on Learning and Memory of Animal（Mice step-down experiment，rat shuttle box experiment，morris water maze experiment）（139）
Experiment 30. Effects of Hydrocortisone on Mice Ear Swelling Induced by Xylol（144）
Expryiment 31. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Dexamethasone on Rat Paw Edema（145）
Expryiment 32. Effects of Cardiac Glycosides on Heart Failure（147）
Experiment 33. Antibacterial ExperiInent of Antibacterial Agents in Vitro（150）
Experiment 34. Antibacterial Experiment of Antibacterial Agents in Vivo（152）
chapter 6. Comprehensive Experiments（157）
Experiment 1. Different Types of Hypoxia（157）
Experiment 2. Hyperkalemia in Rabbits（159）
Experiment 3. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Rabbit（161）
Experiment 4. Disorders of Acid-Base Balance and Its Experimental Therapy in Rabbits（166）
Experiment 5. Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Intestine（170）
Experiment 6. Acute Endotoxic Shock（172）
Expryiment 7. Hemorrhagic Shock and Alterations of the Mirocirculation in Rabbit（175）
Experiment 8. Regulation of the Cardiovascular System and Acute Cardiac Failure（178）
Experiment 9. Effects of Experimental pneumothorax on Respiration Circulation and Acid-Base Balance in Rabbits（183）
Experiment 10. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Pharmacotherapy（186）
Experiment 11. Hepatic Encephalopathy and Its Treatment（189）
Experiment 12 Determination of Endogenous Creatinine Clearance Rate and Excretion Fraction of Sodium Filtration in Acute Renal Failure（192）
Experiment 13. Reproduction of Multiple Organ Dysfunctio
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机能实验学(第二版)(英文版) 节选
Chapter 1. An Introduction of Functional Experimentation 第1章 机能实验学绪论 1. Definition (定义) An experiment is a test or an investigation， especially one planned to provide evidence for or against a hypothesis. Experimentation is the act， process， or practice of experimenting. Usually， "Experiment" refers to a particular control1ed test. "Experimentation" means "experiments" in a collective sense or in general or the discipline of conducting experiments. An experiment or a test can be carried out using the scientific method to answer a question or to investigate a problem. First， an observation is made. Then， a question is asked， or a problem arises. Next， a hypothesis is formed. Then experimentation is used to test that hypothesis. The results are analyzed， a conc1usion is drawn， sometimes a new theory is formed， and results the communicated through research papers. Experimental Medicine (实验医学) ， a broad term ， refers to "lnvestigation undertaken in humans， relating where appropriate to model systems， to identify mechanisms of pathophysiology or disease， or to demonstrate proof-of-concept evidence of the validity and importance of new discoveries or treatments." According to the definition from Dictionary. com， experimental medicine refers to the scientific investigation of medical problems by experimentation upon animals or by clinical research. 1t consists of basic animal experimental research (early phase) and clinical trials (late phase). The effective translation of results from experimental medicine studies into later phase clinical research is an important outcome of experimental medicine， as is the generation of new hypotheses to be explored in the laboratory. Functional experimentation (机能实验学) is a new branch of experimental medicine concemed with the study of the functional changes in experimental animals. More specifically， it is a new experimental course of basic medical sciences in Chinese medical school， which involves the study of the changes in organ function and tissue metabolism during normal or pathological conditions， with or without the inf1uence of drug treatment. The field encompasses at least three subjects， namely， physiology， pathophysiology and pharmacoloy. Physiology(生理学) is the science of the function of a living organism or any of its parts. This includes how organisms and their organ systems carry out the physical or chemical functions of life that exist in a living system. Human physiology is the science of the mechanical， physical， and biochemical functions of humans in good health， their organs， and the cel1s of which they are composed. The principallevel of focus in physiology is at the level of organs and systems. Much of the foundation of knowledge in human physiology was provided by animal experimentation. The study of human physiology dates back to at least 420 B. C. and the time of Hippocrates(希波克拉底)， the father of medicine. The critical thinking of Aristotle(亚里士多德) and his emphasis on the relationship between structure and function marked the beginning of physiology in Ancient Greece， while Claudius Galenus (c. 129-200 A. D. )， known as Galen(盖伦)， was the first to use experiments to probe the function of the body. Galen was the founder of experimental physiology. The medical world moved on from Galenism(盖伦学说) only with the appearance of Andreas Vesalius(安德鲁斯 维萨里斯) and William Harvey(威廉 哈维). Anatomist Wil1iam Harvey described the circulatory system in the 17th century， demonstrating the fruitful combination of close observations and careful experiments to learn about the functions of the body， which was fundamenta1 to the development of experimental physiology. In the 19th century， physiological knowledge began to accumulate at a rapid rate， particularly with the appearance of the Cell theory of Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwannin in 1838. But in that time， doctors based their theories on metaphysical (形而上学) ideology， and personal experience often dictated their clinical decisions. Science-based medicine was largely absent. It was not until French physiologist Claude Bernard (1813-1878) began to perform a series of rigorous laboratory investigations and animal experimentation， that the old medicine had begun to enter scientific modern times. Bernard's most notable discoveries are the role of the pancreas in digestion， and the liver's ability to make sugar. Bernard's masterpiece was his book entit1ed "An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine"， published in 1865. In his book， Bernard argued that progress in medicine could not be achieved without the application of experimental physiology. Therefore， Claude Bernard is acknowledged as the father and founder of experimental medicine. Physiology is the study of normal， healthy bodily function (as opposed to anatomy， which is the study of normal structure). When something disrupts normal physiological processes， it enters the realm of pathophysiology. Pathophysio
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