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Contents

Preface i

Chapter I?U.S. Claim Interpretation: Procedural Law

A. U.S. Court System in General: Lawyers, Judges, Technical Experts

1. Claim Interpretation by Judges

2. Lawyers

3. Technical Experts

B. Jurisdiction

C. Evidence: Intrinsic Evidence vs. Extrinsic Evidence

1. Conflict Precedent Before Phillips

2. Phillips en banc Decision

3. The Hierarchy of the Evidence

4. How to Understand the ¡°Hierarchy¡±

D. First Instance: Two Step Analysis

E. Second Instance: Appellate Review Standard

1. A Split among Federal Circuit Judges after Markman II

2. Cybor: Uniform Federal Circuit Case Law

3. Disagreements Continued after Cybor

4. The Supreme Court Teva Decision

F. Procedures for Determining the Doctrine of Equivalents

Chapter II?Chinese Claim Interpretation: Procedure Law

A. Chinese Court System in General

1. Trial by Judges

2. Lawyers

3. Technical Experts in Claim Interpretation

B. Evidence

C. Jurisdiction

D. First Instance¡ªOne step analysis

E. Second Instance: Appellate Review Standard

F. Procedures for Determining Doctrine of Equivalents

Chapter III?U.S. Claim Interpretation: Substantive Law

A. Source of Law

1. Statutes

2. Case Law

B. Structure of US Claims

C. Fundamental Rules

1. Claim Defines the Scope of Patent

2. All Elements Rule

3. Specifications

4. Prosecution History

5. PHOSITA¡ªPhilips

D. Defining Literal Claim Scope

1. Canons

2. Special Types of Claims

E. Expanding the Literal Claim Scope: Doctrine of Equivalents

1. Underlying Policy

2. Elements to Establish the Doctrine of Equivalents

3. Limitation to the Doctrine of Equivalents

Chapter IV?Chinese Claim Interpretation: Substantive Law

A. Sources of Law

1. Statute 080

2. The ¡°Judge-Made Statute¡±: Judicial Interpretation

3. Case Law

B. Fundamental Rules

1. Central Role of Claims

2. The ¡°All Feature¡± Rule

3. Description and Drawings

4. Prosecution History: The Estoppel Principle

5. PHOSITA¡ª2009 and 2016 Judicial Interpretation

C. Structure of a Chinese Patent

D. Defining the Literal Claim Scope

1. Canons of Claim Interpretation

2. Special Types of Claims

E. The Doctrine of Equivalents

1. Elements to Establish the Doctrine of Equivalents

2. Limitation of Doctrine Equivalents: Dedication Principle

3. Limitation to the Doctrine of Equivalents: Estoppel Principle

Chapter V?Comparative Analysis

A. Policy

1. United States

2. China

B. Rules

1. Procedure

2. Substantive Law

Conclusion

Table of Cases and Other Authorities

Bibliography