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PART 1 The Realm of Biochemistry
CHAPTER 1 The Scope of Biochemistry
Biochemistry and the Biological Revolution
The Roots of Biochemistry
Biochemistry as a Chemical Science
Biochemistry as a Biological Science
Biochemistry and the Information Explosion
PART 2 Molecular Architecture of Living Matter
CHAPTER 2 Nucleic Acids
The Nature of Nucleic Acids
Primary Structure of Nucleic Acids
Secondary and Tertiary Structure of Nucleic Acids
The Biological Functions of Nucleic Acids: A Preview of Molecular Biology
Plasticity of Secondary and Tertiary DNA Structure
Stability of Secondary and Tertiary Structure
CHAPTER 3 Introduction to Proteins: The Primary Level of Protein Structure
Amino Acids
Peptides and the Peptide Bond
Proteins: Polypeptides of Defined Sequence
From Gene to Protein
Protein Sequence Homology
CHAPTER 4 The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins
Secondary Structure: Regular Ways to Fold the Polypeptide Chain
Fibrous Proteins: Structural Materials of Cells and Tissues
Globular Proteins: Tertiary Structure and Functional Diversity
Factors Determining Secondary and Tertiary Structure
Prediction of Secondary and Tertiary Protein Structure
Quaternary Structure of Proteins
CHAPTER 5 Protein Function and Evolution
Oxygen Transport: The Roles of Hemoglobin and Myoglobin
The Mechanism of Oxygen Binding by Heme Proteins
Oxygen Transport: Hemoglobin
Allosteric Effectors of Hemoglobin
Protein Evolution: Myoglobin and Hemoglobin as Examples
Hemoglobin Variants: Evolution in Progress
PART 3 Dynamics of Life: Catalysis and Metabolism
CHAPTER 6 Enzymes: Biological Catalysts
The Role of Enzymes
Chemical Reaction Rates and the Effects of Catalysts: A Review
How Enzymes Act as Catalysts: Principles and Examples
Enzyme Inhibition
Cofactors, Vitamins, and Essential Metals
The Diversity of Enzymatic Function
Nonprotein Biocatalysts: Catalytic Nucleic Acids
The Regulation of Enzyme Activity: Allosteric Enzymes
Covalent Modifications Used to Regulate Enzyme Activity
CHAPTER 7 Chemical Logic of Metabolism
A First Look at Metabolism
Freeways on the Metabolic Road Map
Biochemical Reaction Types
Some Bioenergetic Considerations
Major Metabolic Control Mechanisms
CHAPTER 8 Carbohydrate Metabolism: Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway
Glycolysis: An Overview
Reactions of Glycolysis
Metabolic Fates of Pyruvate
Energy and Electron Balance Sheets
Gluconeogenesis
Coordinated Regulation of Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
Entry of Other Sugars into the Glycolytic Pathway
Polysaccharide Metabolism
Glycogen Metabolism in Muscle and Liver
Coordinated Regulation of Glycogen Metabolism
Biosynthesis of Other Polysaccharides
A Biosynthetic Pathway That Oxidizes Glucose: The Pentose Phosphate Pathway
CHAPTER 9 Citric Acid Cycle
Overview of Pyruvate Oxidation and the Citric Acid Cycle
Pyruvate Oxidation: A Major Entry Route for Carbon into the Citric Acid Cycle
Coenzymes Involved in Pyruvate Oxidation and the Citric Acid Cycle
Action of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex
The Citric Acid Cycle
Stoichiometry and Energetics of the Citric Acid Cycle
Regulation of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase and the Citric Acid Cycle
CHAPTER 10 Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation
Electron Transport
Oxidative Phosphorylation
CHAPTER 11 Lipid Metabolism¢ñ: Fatty Acids, Triacylglycerols, and Lipoproteins
Utilization and Transport of Fat and Cholesterol
Fatty Acid Oxidation
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis
CHAPTER 12 Interorgan and Intracellular Coordination of
Energy Metabolism in Vertebrates
Interdependence of the Major Organs in Vertebrate Fuel Metabolism