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Chapter 1 Introduction
1£®1 General Statements
1£®2 Literature Review
1£®2£®1 Generative and Functional Perspectives
1£®2£®2 Jespersen's Negative Cycle
1£®3 Theoretical Background
1£®3£®1 The Cognitive Prominence Principle
1£®3£®2 Other Theoretical Rules in Negation
1£®4 Typological Checking
1£®4£®1 Negative Cycle in Germanic Languages
1£®4£®2 Negative Cycle in Romance Languages
1£®5 Organization of the Study

Chapter 2 Negation in Old English and Early Middle English
2£®1 Types of Negation£®
2£®1£®1 Negative Concord and Single Negator
2£®1£®2 Sentence Negation and Constituent Negation
2£®1£®3 Negative Polarity Items
2£®1£®4 Negative Coordination
2£®1£®5 Contrastive Negation
2£®1£®6 Negation in Complementation
2£®1£®7 Expletive Negation
2£®1£®8 Affixal Negation
2£®2 Rules of Negation
2£®2£®1 Negative Incorporation
2£®2£®2 Negative Attraction
2£®2£®3 Negative Raising
2£®3 Theoretical Explanation
2£®3£®1 Negation Is Prominent
2£®3£®2 Reinforcement of the Negator Ne
2£®4 Diversities of Negative Forms
2£®4£®1 Texts£¬ Gemes and Latin Influence
2£®4£®2 Variation in Old English Syntax
2£®5 Summary

Chapter 3 Negation in Late Middle English and Early Modern English
3£®1 Major Syntactic Changes
3£®1£®1 Ne£®£®£®Not Collocation
3£®1£®2 Loss of Ne and Negative Concord
3£®1£®3 The Grammaticalization of Not
3£®1£®4 The Grammaticalization of Do
3£®2 Types and Rules of Negation
3£®2£®1 Negative Polarity Items
3£®2£®2 Negative Coordination
3£®2£®3 Constituent Negation
3£®2£®4 Expletive Negation
3£®2£®5 Affixal Negation
3£®2£®6 Negative Attraction
3£®2£®7 Negative Raising
3£®2£®8 Negative Inversion
3£®3 Theoretical Explanation
3£®3£®1 Forward Shifting of Negators
3£®3£®2 Prominence and Forward Shifting of Negators
3£®4 Diversities of Genres£¬ Texts and Manuscripts
3£®5 Summary

Chapter 4 Negation in Late Modern English and Present-Day English
4£®1 Negation in Late Modern English
4£®1£®1 Double Negation
4£®1£®2 Negative Raising
4£®1£®3 The Cliticization of Not
4£®2 Negation in Present-Day English
4£®2£®1 Sentence Negation and Constiment Negation
4£®2£®2 Negative Polarity Items
4£®2£®3 Negative Coordination
4£®2£®4 The Cliticization of Not
4£®2£®5 Negative Inversion
4£®2£®6 Negation and Modality
4£®2£®7 Emphatic Negation
4£®2£®8 Affixal Negation
4£®3 Learnability of Negation
4£®3£®1 Negation in First Language Acquisition
4£®3£®2 The Acquisition of Negation in Second Language Learners
4£®3£®3 The Acquisition of Negation in Chinese Learners
4£®4 Summary

Chapter 5 Conclusion
5£®1 Major mdings
5£®2 Models of Language Change
5£®3 Limitations and Implications

Appendix
References
Postscript
List of Figure
Figure 3£®1 Percentage of do forms in different types of sentences
List of Tables
Table 1£®1 Jespersen's Negative Cycle according to the author's Summary
Table 1£®2 Negative Cycle in German
Table 1£®3 Negative Cycle in Dutch and Norwegian
Table 1£®4 Negative Cycle in French
Table 2£®1 Results on number of negators £¨%£©
Table 3£®1 Frequencies of ne and ne£®£®£®not in early thirteenth century English prose
Table 3£®2 Frequencies of ne and ne£®£®£®not in main and subordinate clauses in Early Modern English prose
Table 3£®3 Percentage on number of negators per clause in various texts
Table 3£®4 Percentage of ne and not in Middle English verse from 1200 to 1400
Table 3£®5 Percentage of ne£¬ ne£®£®£®not£¬ and not in the PPCMEE2 data
Table 3£®6 Percentage of replacement of ne by not and n-item s in Middle English verse from 1200 to 1400
Table 3£®7 Presence of a reinforcing negator in early thirteenth century prose
Table 3£®8 Inversion with and without not in early thirteenth century prose
Table 3£®9 Percentage of multiple negation in Middle English literature