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新编科技英语阅读教程(上册) 版权信息
- ISBN:9787566127310
- 条形码:9787566127310 ; 978-7-5661-2731-0
- 装帧:一般胶版纸
- 册数:暂无
- 重量:暂无
- 所属分类:>
新编科技英语阅读教程(上册) 内容简介
本书依据全国教育大会提出的培养学生综合能力、创新思维要求, 结合《新国标》对英语专业学生思辨能力培养的要求, 本教程力图在夯实学生语言基本功的同时, 突破传统科技英语阅读教材集中关注语言能力训练的局限, 适应新时代发展对学生能力与素养的需求, 设置多样的内容形式, 使学生在科技英语语篇的阅读中训练分析、判断、评价、质疑、阐释等综合能力, 提高思辨能力。在材料选取上兼顾我国近年来在科技领域前沿成果, 增强学生四个自信, 引领学生领会“科技是**生产力, 创新是引领发展**动力”的思想, 增强“科技强国”意识与信念, 以实现新时代教育应有之意。
新编科技英语阅读教程(上册) 目录
Unit Two Neurotechnology
Unit Three Environmental Science
Unit Four Cybersecurity
Unit Five Material Science
Unit Six Marine Engineering
Unit Seven Nuclear Power
Unit Eight Genetic Engineering
Unit Nine Space Exploration
Unit Ten Science Mystery
新编科技英语阅读教程(上册) 节选
6.Drugs like L-dopa can quiet the tremors that prevent someone with Parkinson's from performing simple tasks like dressing and eating.But because drugs affect more than just their target, even common L-dopa side effects can be severe, ranging from nausea to depression to abnormal heart rhythms. 7.When drugs no longer work, FDA-approved electrodes can provide relief through Deep Brain Stimulation.Like a pace maker, a battery pack set beneath the clavicle sends automated electrical pulses to two brain implants.Lieber said each electrode "looks like a pencil.It's big". 8.During implantation, Parkinson's patients are awake, so surgeons can calibrate the electrical pulses.Dial the electricity up, and the tremors calm."Almost instantly, you can see the person regain control of their limbs," Patel said."It blows my mind." 9.But, like with L-dopa, the large electrodes stimulate more than their intended targets, causing sometimes severe side effects like speech impediments.And, over time, the brain's immune system treats the stiff implants as foreign objects: Neural immune cells (glia cells) engulf the perceived invader, displacing or even killing neurons and reducing the device's ability to maintain treatment. 10.In contrast, Lieber's mesh electronics provoke almost no immune response.With close, long-term proximity to the same neurons, the implants can collect robust data on how individual neurons communicate over time or, in the case of neurological disorders, fail to communicate.Eventually, such technology could track how specific neural subtypes talk, too, all of which could lead to a cleaner, more precise map of the brain's communication network. 11.With higher resolution targets, future electrodes can act with greater precision, eliminating unwanted side effects.If that happens, Patel said, they could be tuned to treat any neurological disorder.And, unlike current electrodes, Lieber's have already demonstrated a valuable trick of their own: They encourage neural migration, potentially guiding newborn neurons to damaged areas, like pockets created by stroke. 12."The potential for it is outstanding," Patel said."In my own mind, I see this at the level of what started with the transistor or telecommunications."13.The potential reaches beyond therapeutics: Adaptive electrodes could provide heightened control over prosthetic or even paralyzed limbs.In time, they could act like neural substitutes,replacing damaged circuitry to re-establish broken communication networks and recalibrate based on live feedback."If you could actually interact in a precise and long-term way and also provide feedback information," Lieber said, "you could really communicate with the brain in the same way that the brain is communicating within itself." 14.A few major technology companies are also eager to champion brain-machine interfaces.Some, like Elon Musk's Neuralink, which plans to give paralyzed patients the power to work computers with their minds, are focused on assistive applications.Others have broader plans:Facebook wants people to text by imaging the words, and Brian Johnson's Kernel hopes to enhance cognitive abilities. 15.During his postdoctoral studies, Patel saw how just a short pulse of electricity-no more than 500 milliseconds of stimulation-could control a person's ability to make a safe or impulsive decision.After a little zap, subjects who almost always chose the risky bet, instead went with the safe option."You would have no idea that it's happened," Patel said."You're unaware of it.It's beyond your conscious awareness." 16.Such power demands intense ethical scrutiny.For people struggling to combat addiction or obsessive-compulsive disorder, an extemal pulse regulator could significantly improve their quality of life.But, companies that operate those regulators could access their client's most personal data-their thoughts.And, if enhanced learning and memory are for sale, who gets to buy a better brain? "One does need to be a little careful about the ethics involved ifyou're trying to make a superhuman," Lieber said."Being able to help people is much moreimportant to me at this time." 17.Mesh electronics still have several major challenges to overcome: scaling up the number of implanted electrodes, processing the data flood those implants deliver, and feeding that information back into the system to enable live recalibration.18."I always joke in talks that I'm doing this because my memory has gotten a little worse than it used to be," Lieber said."That's natural aging.But does it have to be that way ? What if you could correct it?" If he and Patel succeed in galvanizing researchers around mesh electronics,the question might not be ifbut when. ……
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