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CONTENTS
Preface
Chapter 1 Natural Conditions of Inner Mongolia 1
1. Topography1
2. Climate 4
3. Water resources 7
Chapter 2 Plant Resources of Inner Mongolia 9
1. Plant resources of Inner Mongolia9
1.1 Forest plant resources in Inner Mongolia 9
1.2 Grassland plant resources of Inner Mongolia 12
1.3 Inner Mongolian desert plant resources 14
1.4 Other plant resources of Inner Mongolia16
2. Analysis of Inner Mongolia plant taxa and diversity 17
2.1 Statistics of general plant groups17
2.2 Diversity of plant families 18
2.3 The diversity of plant genera 21
Chapter 3 Fundamentals of Palynology24
1. A brief history of the development of palynology 24
2. Morphological characteristics of pollen 27
2.1 The formation of pollen 27
2.2 The polarity and symmetry of pollen 31
2.3 Shape£¬ size and composition of pollen 33
2.4 The aperture of pollen 36
2.5 Pollen wall structure and ornamentation 40
Chapter 4 Research Methodologies and their Applications in Modern PollenMorphology 47
1. Research methodologies in modern pollen morphology 47
1.1 The collection of pollen specimens 47
1.2 Making pollen specimens 49
1.3 Observation and imaging 50
1.4 Pollen measurement 52
2. The effect of different environments on Inner Mongolian pollen morphology 52
3. Pollen dimorphism in plants 56
4. The role of pollen morphology in grassland science 57
Chapter 5 Description of Pollen Morphology 59
¢ñ. Pinaceae 59
¢ò. Ephedraceae 61
¢ó. Salicaceae 63
IV. Ulmaceae 64
V. Polygonaceae 66
VI. Chenopodiaceae 69
VII. Amaranthaceae 78
VIII. Caryophyllaceae 79
IX. Ranunculaceae 84
X . Papaveraceae 89
XI. Cruciferae 90
XII. Crassulaceae 93
XIII. Rosaceae 96
XIV. Leguminosae 113
XV. Geraniaceae 154
XVI. Linaceae 155
XVII. Zygophyllceae 156
XVIII. Rutaceae 166
XIX. Polygalaceae 167
XX. Euphorbiaceae 168
XXI. Malvaceae 169
XXII. Tamaricaceae 170
XXIII. Cistaceae 171
XXIV. Violaceae 171
XXV. Thymelaeaceae 172
XXVI. Elaeagnaceae 173
XXVII. Cynomoriaceae 173
XXVIII. Umbelliferae 174
XXIX. Pyrolaceae 176
XXX. Primulaceae 177
XXXI. Oleaceae 178
XXXII. Gentianaceae 179
XXXIII. Convolvulaceae 181
XXXIV. Boraginaceae 183
XXXV. Verbenaceae 186
XXXVI. Labiatae 186
XXXVII. Solanaceae 194
XXXVIII. Scrophulariaceae 195
XXXIX. Bignoniaceae 200
XL. Orobanchaceae 200
XLI. Rubiaceae 201
XLII. Caprifoliaceae 202
XLIII.Valerianaceae 203
XLIV. Dipsacaceae 205
XLV. Compositae 206
XLVI. Gramineae 241
XLVII. Cyperaceae 272
XLVIII. Liliaceae 272
XLIX. Iridaceae 281
References 283
Latin Index 285