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Contents

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½ð¡¡ÑÞ¡¡iii
Abbreviations xv
Series Editors¡¯ note xix
Acknowledgements xxvii
Notes on contributors xxx

1¡¡Introduction 1
Lynda Taylor
2¡¡Test taker characteristics 39
Barry O¡¯Sullivan and Anthony Green
3¡¡Cognitive validity 71
John Field
4¡¡Context validity 126
Evelina Galaczi and Angela ffrench
5¡¡Scoring validity 194
Lynda Taylor and Evelina Galaczi
6¡¡Consequential validity 269
Roger Hawkey
7¡¡Criterion-related validity 298
Hanan Khalifa and Angeliki Salamoura
8¡¡Conclusions and recommendations 337
Cyril Weir and Lynda Taylor

Appendices
Appendix A: Sample Speaking tasks at five levels 363
Appendix B: Candidate Information Sheet (CIS) 376
Appendix C: Standard procedures for the production of
Speaking test material 378
Appendix D: Administrative setting and management of
the Speaking tests 386
Appendix E: ESOL Staff Induction Worksheet on the CEFR 399

References 401
Author index 427
Subject index 432