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Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
References 5
Chapter 2 Basic De.nitions 18
2.1 Watermist 18
2.2 Basicvariablesofwatermist 18
2.2.1 Thecumulativevolumediameter 18
2.2.2 Sauter mean diameter and others 19
2.2.3 Spray angle 20
References 21
Chapter 3 Water Mist Generation and Spray Characteristics 23
3.1 Methodsofwatermistgeneration 23
3.1.1 Impingement nozzle 24
3.1.2 Pressure jet nozzle 25
3.1.3 Twin fluids nozzle 26
3.1.4 Effervescent atomizing nozzle 27
3.1.5 Effervescent-pressure jet nozzle 29
3.1.6 Twin fluids-pressure jet nozzle 31
3.2 Watermistspraycharacteristics 32
3.2.1 Droplet size distribution 32
3.2.2 Spray momentum 36
3.2.3 Spray flux density 39
References 42
Chapter 4 Methods of Spray Characterization 46
4.1 Droplet sizing methods 46
4.1.1 Phase Doppler particle analyzer 47
4.1.2 Global rainbow thermometry 51
4.1.3 Laser diffraction technique 54
4.1.4 Digital particle image velocimetry 56
4.1.5 Interferometric laser imaging for droplet sizing 61
4.2 Measurement of spray flux density 65
References 66
Chapter 5 FireSuppressionMechanismsandInfluencingFactors 73
5.1 Fire suppression mechanisms 74
5.1.1 Heat extraction 75
5.1.2 Displacement 89
5.1.3 Radiant heat attenuation 91
5.1.4 Kinetic effects 97
5.1.5 Chemical aspects 100
5.2 Influencing factors 102
5.2.1 Types or parameters of the fire 102
5.2.2 External factors 106
5.2.3 Additive effects 113
References 116
Chapter 6 Explosion Mitigation and Fire Prevention 125
6.1 Explosion mitigation 125
6.1.1 Gas/mixtures explosion mitigation 128
6.1.2 Dust/particle explosion mitigation 131
6.2 Firepreventionviaradiantheatattenuation 134
6.2.1 Modelingofthermalradiationshielding/attenuation 134
6.2.2 Experimentofthermalradiationshielding/attenuation 138
6.3 Smoke control/removal 142
6.4 Dust particle removal 145
References 149
Chapter 7 ModellingforFireSuppressionwithWaterMist 156
7.1 Zone model 157
7.2 Field model 160
7.3 Spray modelling 165
7.4 Scaling modelling 166
7.5 Radiantattenuationmodel 168
References 171
Chapter 8 SystemTestsandTypicalApplications 178
8.1 Typesofwatermistsystems 178
8.2 Standard fire sources 179
8.3 Full-scale fire testsoftypicalapplications 188
References 192
Chapter 9 Summary 194
Nomenclature 196
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