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Preface to the Second Edition
Introduction

Chapter 1 Questionnaires in Second Language Research
1£®1 What Are¡°Questionnaires¡±and What Do They Measure?
1£®1£®1 What a Questionnaire Is Not
1£®1£®2 What Do Questionnaires Measure?
1£®2 Using Questionnaires£ºPros and Cons
1£®2£®1 Advantages
1£®2£®2 Disadvantages
1£®3 Questionnaires in Quantitative and Qualitative Research

Chapter 2 Constructing the Questionnaire
2£®1 General Features
2£®1£®1 Length
2£®1£®2 Layout
2£®1£®3 Sensitive Topics and Anonymity
2£®2 The Main Parts of a Questionnaire
2£®2£®1 Title
2£®2£®2 Instructions
2£®2£®3 Ouestionnaire Items
2£®2£®4 Additional Information
2£®2£®5 Final¡°Thank YDu¡±
2£®3 Appropriate Sampling of the Questionnaire Content and the Significance of¡°Multi¡ªItem Scales¡±
2£®3£®1 Appropriate Sampling ofthe Content
2£®3£®2 Using Multi¡ªItem Scales
2£®4 ¡°Closed£®Ended¡±Ouestionnaire Items
2£®4£®1 Rating Scales
2£®4£®2 Multiple¡ªChoice Items
2£®4£®3 Rank Order Items
2£®4£®4 Numeric Items
2£®4£®5 Checklists
2£®5 Open¡ªEnded Questions
2£®5£®1 Specific Open Questions
2£®5£®2 clarification Questions
2£®5£®3 Sentence Completion Items
2£®5£®4 Short¡ªAnswer Questions
2£®6 HOW to Write Good Items
2£®6£®1 Drawing Up an¡°Item Pool¡±
2£®6£®2 Rules About Writing Items
2£®6£®3 WrRing Sensitive Items
2£®7 Grouping and Sequencing Items
2£®7£®1 Clear and Orderly Structure
2£®7£®2 Opening Questions
2£®7£®3 Factual£¨or¡°Personal¡±or¡°Classification¡±¡¢Questions at the End
2£®7£®4 Open¡ªEnded Questions at the End
2£®8 Translating the Questionnaire
2£®8£®1 Translation as a Team¡ªBased Approach
2£®8£®2 Translation with Limited Resources
2£®9 Computer Programs for Constructing Questionnaires
2£®10 Piloting the Questionnaire and Conducting Item Analysis
2£®10£®1 Initial Piloting of the Item Pool
2£®10£®2 Final Piloting£¨"Dress Rehearsal¡±
2£®10£®3 Item Analysis

Chapter 3 Administering the Questionnaire£®
3£®1 Selecting the Sample
3£®1£®1 Sampling Procedures
3£®1£®2 How Large Should the Sample Be?
3£®1£®3 The Problem of Respondent Self£®Selection
3£®2 Main Types of Questionnaire Administration
3£®2£®1 Administration bv Mail
3£®2£®2 One¡ªto¡ªOne Administration
3£®2£®3 Group Administration
3£®2£®4 Online Administration
3£®3 Strategies to Increase the Quality and Quantity of Participant Response
3£®3£®1 Advance Notice
3£®3£®2 Attitudes Conveyed by Teachers£¬Parents£¬and Other Authority Figures
3£®3£®3 Respectable Sponsorship
3£®3£®4 The Presence of a Survey Administrator
3£®3£®5 The Behavior of the Survey Administrator
3£®3£®6 Communicating the Purpose and Significance ofthe Survey
3£®3£®7 Emphasizing Confidentiality
3£®3£®8 Reading Out the Questionnaire Instructions
3£®3£®9 The Style and Layout of the Questionnaire
3£®3£®10 Promising Feedback on the Results
3£®4 Questionnaire Administration£¬Confidentiality£¬and Other Ethical Issues
3£®4£®1 Basic Ethical Principles of Data Collection
3£®4£®2 Obtaining Consent for Children
3£®4£®3 Strategies for Getting Around Anonymity

Chapter 4 Processing Questionnaire Data
4£®1 Coding Questionnaire Data
4£®1£®1 First Things First£ºAssigning Identification Codes
4£®1£®2 Coding Quantitative Data
4£®2 Inputting the Data
4£®2£®1 Creating and Naming the Data File
4£®2£®2 Keying in the Data
4£®3 Processing Closed Questions
4£®3£®1 Data Cleaning
4£®3£®2 Data Manipulation
4£®3£®3 Reducing the Number of Variables in the Questionnaire
4£®3£®4 Main Types of Questionnaire Data
4£®3£®5 Examining the Reliability and V£®aliditV Ofthe Data
4£®3£®6 Statistical Procedures to Analyze Data
4£®4 Content Analysis of Open¡ªEnded Questions
4£®5 Compmer Programs for Processing Questionnaire Data
4£®6 Summarizing and Reporting Questionnaire Data
4£®6£®1 General Guidelines
4£®6£®2 Technical Information to Accompany Survey Results
4£®6£®3 Reader£®Friendly Data Presentation Methods
4£®7 Complementing Questionnaire Data with Other Information
4£®7£®1 Questionnaire Survey with Follow¡ªup Interview or Retrospection
4£®7£®2 Questionnaire Survey Facilitated by Preceding Interview

Chapter 5 Illustration£ºDeveloping a Motivation Questionnaire
5£®1 construction of the Initial Questionnaire
5£®1£®1 Deciding the ComemAreas to be Covered in the Questionnaire
5£®1£®2 Designing Items for the Item Pool
5£®1£®3 Designing Rating Scales
5£®1£®4 Designing the Personal Information Section
5£®1£®5 Designing Instructions
5£®1£®6 Designing the Questionnaire Format
5£®1£®7 Grouping and Organizing Items and Questions
5£®2 Translating and Initial Piloting
5£®3 Final Piloting and Item Analysis
5£®3£®1 Missing Values and the Range of Responses
5£®3£®2 The Intemal Consistency ReliabjlitV of the Initial Scales
5£®3£®3 Modification of the Personal Information Items
5£®4 The Final Version of the Japanese Ouestionnaire and Post Hoc Item Analysis
5£®5 Adapting the Questionnaire for Use in China and Iran

Conclusion and Checklist
References
Appendix A£ºCombined List of the Items Included in the Questionnaires Discussed in Chapter 5
Appendix B£ºThe Final Version ofthe Questionnaires Used in Japan andChina
Appendix C£ºSelected List of Published L2 Questionnaires
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Author Index
Subject Index