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Chapter 1¡¡Introduction 001
§1.1¡¡Explosion Phenomena and Characteristics 001
1.1.1¡¡Explosion Phenomenon 001
1.1.2¡¡Generalized Definition of Explosion 004
§1.2¡¡Fundamentals of Thermodynamics 004
1.2.1¡¡Some Important Concepts and Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics 004
1.2.2¡¡First Law of Thermodynamics 006
1.2.3¡¡Second Law of Thermodynamics 014
1.2.4¡¡Helmholtz Free Energy and Gibbs Free Energy 017
§1.3¡¡Properties of Gas and Equations of State 023
1.3.1¡¡Properties of Gases 023
1.3.2¡¡Equations of State 025
Chapter 2¡¡Waves 029
§2.1¡¡Concepts 029
§2.2¡¡Sound Wave 032
§2.3¡¡One-Dimensional Plane Isentropic Flow of Gas 035
Chapter 3¡¡Shock Wave 050
§3.1¡¡Introduction 050
§3.2¡¡Basic Equations of Shock Wave 050
§3.3¡¡Plane Shock Wave in Air 053
§3.4¡¡Characters of Shock Wave 057
§3.5¡¡Isentrope, Rayleigh Line and Hugoniot 060
§3.6¡¡Reflection of Shock Wave 063
Chapter 4¡¡Thermochemistry of Explosive 067
§4.1¡¡Explosion Heat 067
4.1.1¡¡Experimental Measurement of Explosion Heat 067
4.1.2¡¡Calculation of Explosion Heat 070
4.1.3¡¡Ways of Improving the Explosion Heat 072
§4.2¡¡Determination of Explosion Temperature 074
4.2.1¡¡Experimental Measurement of Explosion Temperature 074
4.2.2¡¡Theoretical Calculation of Explosion Temperature 076
4.2.3¡¡Ways to Change Explosion Temperature 080
§4.3¡¡Equation of Explosion Reaction 081
4.3.1¡¡Theoretical Calculation of the Equation of Explosion Reaction 081
4.3.2¡¡Reaction Equation of the First Kind of Explosives 083
4.3.3¡¡Reaction Equation of the Second Kind of Explosives 085
4.3.4¡¡Simplified Rule for Determining the Equations of Explosion Reaction 086
§4.4¡¡Calculation for the Volume of Explosion Gases 087
Chapter 5¡¡Detonation Theory 089
§5.1¡¡The Hydrodynamic Theory of Detonation Wave 090
§5.2¡¡Zeldovich-von Neumann-Doering Theory 093
§5.3¡¡Taylor Wave 096
§5.4¡¡Detonation Shock Dynamics 097
§5.5¡¡Detonation Wave Parameter Measurements 099
5.5.1¡¡Reaction-zone Measurements 099
5.5.2¡¡Detonation Wave Velocity Measurement 101
5.5.3¡¡Experimental Measurement of C-J Pressure 104
§5.6¡¡Detonation Wave Parameters Calculation Methods 108
§5.7¡¡Factors Affecting Detonation Wave Propagation 116
5.7.1¡¡Diameter Effects: 2-D Steady Detonation 116
5.7.2¡¡Detonation Velocity vs. Diameter 118
5.7.3¡¡Factors Affecting the Critical Diameter of Charge 119
Chapter 6¡¡Ignition & Initiation of Explosives 122
§6.1¡¡Thermal Explosion Theory of Explosives 122
6.1.1¡¡The Physical Process of Thermal Explosion 122
6.1.2¡¡Theory Model of Thermal Explosion 123
6.1.3¡¡Thermal Sensitivity of Explosives 126
§6.2¡¡Shock Initiation of Explosives 131
6.2.1¡¡Shock Initiation of Homogeneous Explosives 132
6.2.2¡¡Shock Initiation of Heterogeneous Explosives 136
6.2.3¡¡Hot Spots and Explosive Ignition 137
6.2.4¡¡Ignition Modelling 139
§6.3¡¡Non-shock Initiation of Explosives 143
6.3.1¡¡Initiation of Explosion by Friction 143
6.3.2¡¡Initiation by Friction of Explosion in Liquids 146
6.3.3¡¡Initiation of Explosion in Solids: the Influence of Grit 149
6.3.4¡¡Initiation by Impact of Explosion in Solids 153
§6.4¡¡Sensitivity Evaluation of Explosives 159
6.4.1¡¡Mechanically-Confined Cook-off Tests 159
6.4.2¡¡Drop-weight Test 165
6.4.3¡¡Susan Test 169
6.4.4¡¡Steven Test 170
Chapter 7¡¡Movement of Detonation Products 174
§7.1¡¡Expansion of Detonation Products 174
§7.2¡¡Impulse Acting on the Rigid Wall 178
§7.3¡¡Driving Effects on Piston 183
§7.4¡¡Acceleration of the Cylinder Shell 188
7.4.1¡¡Energy Model 188
7.4.2¡¡Momentum Model for Calculating 194
7.4.3¡¡Gurney Model for Calculating the Fragment Velocity 198
Chapter 8¡¡Initial Shock Wave Parameters Calculation at the Interface of
Compressible Solid 203
§8.1¡¡Introduction 203
§8.2¡¡Interface Between Explosive and Compressible Solid 205
8.2.1¡¡The Case at 205
8.2.2¡¡The Case at 207
§8.3¡¡Interface Between Compressible Solids 212
§8.4¡¡Shock Wave Transmission and Reflection 214
8.4.1¡¡Impedance Matching Technique 215
8.4.2¡¡Transmission 217
8.4.3¡¡Reflection at the Free Surface 219
References 226