²ÄÁÏ¿ÆѧÓ빤³Ìµ¼ÂÛ-(Ë«Óï)

Chapter 1Introduction1 Learning Objectives1 1ª±1Historical Perspective1 1ª±2What is Materials Science and Engineering?2 1ª±3Why Study Materials Science and Engineering?5 1ª±4Classification of Materials5 1ª±5Advanced Materials9 1ª±6Modern Materials¡¯ Needs10 References11 Chapter 2The Structure of Crystalline Solids13 Learning Objectives13 2ª±1Atomic Structure and Interatomic Bonding13 2ª±1ª±1Fundamental Concepts14 2ª±1ª±2Bonding Forces and Energies14 2ª±1ª±3Atomic Bonding in Solids16 2ª±2Crystal Structures22 2ª±2ª±1Fundamental Concepts22 2ª±2ª±2Metallic Crystal Structures and Crystal Systems23 2ª±2ª±3Crystallographic Points£¬Directions£¬and Planes30 2ª±2ª±4Crystalline and Noncrystalline Materials37 2ª±3Imperfections in Solids40 2ª±3ª±1Point Defects in Metals40 2ª±3ª±2Dislocations¡ªLinear Defects43 2ª±3ª±3Interfacial Defects44 2ª±3ª±4Bulk or Volume Defects46 References48 Chapter 3Polymer Materials49 Learning Objectives49 3ª±1Polymer Structures49 3ª±1ª±1Introduction49 3ª±1ª±2Fundamental Concepts49 3ª±1ª±3Polymer Molecules50 3ª±1ª±4Designation of Polymers50 3ª±1ª±5Commonly Used Polymers51 3ª±1ª±6The Chemistry of Polymer Molecules58 3ª±2Crystallization£¬Melting and Glass Transition Phenomena in Polymers65 3ª±3Mechanical Properties of Polymers66 3ª±3ª±1Stressª²Strain Behavior67 3ª±3ª±2Macroscopic Deformation68 3ª±3ª±3Viscoelastic Deformation70 3ª±4Polymer Types71 3ª±4ª±1Plastics71 3ª±4ª±2Elastomers72 3ª±4ª±3Fibers73 3ª±4ª±4Miscellaneous Applications Coatings73 3ª±5Processing of Polymers74 3ª±5ª±1Polymerization75 3ª±5ª±2Polymer Additives76 3ª±5ª±3Forming Techniques for Plastics78 3ª±5ª±4Fabrication of Elastomers80 3ª±5ª±5Fabrication of Fibers and Films81 References84 Chapter 4Metallic Materials85 Learning Objectives85 4ª±1Mechanical Properties of Metals85 4ª±1ª±1Introduction85 4ª±1ª±2Tensile Test86 4ª±1ª±3Hardness Testing90 4ª±2Dislocations and Strengthening91 4ª±2ª±1The Role of Dislocations91 4ª±2ª±2Work Hardening93 4ª±2ª±3Grain Size Strengthening93 4ª±2ª±4Alloy Hardening94 4ª±3Failure96 4ª±3ª±1Introduction96 4ª±3ª±2Fundamentals of Fracture97 4ª±3ª±3Ductile Fracture97 4ª±3ª±4Brittle Fracture98 4ª±3ª±5Fracture Mechanics in Design99 4ª±3ª±6Fracture Toughness100 4ª±3ª±7Fatigue101 4ª±3ª±8Creep101 4ª±4Phase Diagrams and Phase Transformations in Metals102 4ª±4ª±1Introduction102 4ª±4ª±2Phase Diagrams103 4ª±4ª±3Phase Transformations107 4ª±5Applications and Processing of Metal Alloys108 4ª±5ª±1Introduction108 4ª±5ª±2Types of Metal Alloys109 4ª±5ª±3Fabrication of Metals113 4ª±5ª±4Thermal Processing of Metals115 References120 Chapter 5Ceramic Materials123 Learning Objectives123 5ª±1Structures and Properties of Ceramics123 5ª±1ª±1Introduction123 5ª±1ª±2Ceramic Structures123 5ª±1ª±3Mechanical Properties of Ceramics127 5ª±2Application and Processing of Ceramics129 5ª±2ª±1Types and Applications of Ceramics129 5ª±2ª±2Fabrication and Processing of Ceramics131 References136 Chapter 6Composite Materials137 Learning Objectives137 6ª±1Introduction137 6ª±2Particleª²Reinforced Composites138 6ª±2ª±1Largeª²Particle Composites139 6ª±2ª±2Dispersionª²Strengthened Composites140 6ª±3Fiberª²Reinforced Composites140 6ª±3ª±1The Fiber Phase140 6ª±3ª±2The Matrix Phase141 6ª±4Polymerª²Matrix Composites142 6ª±4ª±1Glass Fiberª²Reinforced Polymer£¨GFRP£©Composites142 6ª±4ª±2Carbon Fiberª²Reinforced Polymer£¨CFRP£©Composites143 6ª±4ª±3Aramid Fiberª²Reinforced Polymer Composites143 6ª±5Metalª²Matrix Composites145 6ª±6Ceramicª²Matrix Composites146 References149 Chapter 7Corrosion and Degradation of Materials150 Learning Objectives150 7ª±1Introduction150 7ª±2Corrosion of Metals150 7ª±2ª±1Electrochemical Considerations151 7ª±2ª±2Corrosion Rates153 7ª±2ª±3Passivity153 7ª±2ª±4Environmental Effects153 7ª±2ª±5Forms of Corrosion154 7ª±2ª±6Corrosion Environments158 7ª±2ª±7Corrosion Prevention159 7ª±3Corrosion of Ceramic Materials159 7ª±4Degradation of Polymers160 7ª±4ª±1Swelling and Dissolution160 7ª±4ª±2Bond Rupture160 7ª±4ª±3Weathering161 References163 Chapter 8Electrical/Thermal/Magnetic/Optical Properties of Materials164 Learning Objectives164 8ª±1Introduction165 8ª±2Electrical Properties of Materials165 8ª±2ª±1Metals and Alloys166 8ª±2ª±2Semiconductors167 8ª±2ª±3Ionic Ceramics and Polymers170 8ª±3Thermal Properties of Materials170 8ª±3ª±1Heat Capacity170 8ª±3ª±2Thermal Expansion171 8ª±3ª±3Thermal Conductivity172 8ª±3ª±4Thermal Stresses172 8ª±4Magnetic Properties of Materials174 8ª±4ª±1Diamagnetism£¬Paramagnetism and Ferromagnetism174 8ª±4ª±2Antiferromagnetism and Ferrimagnetism177 8ª±4ª±3The Influence of Temperature on Magnetic Behavior179 8ª±4ª±4Domains£¬Hysteresis and Magnetic Anisotropy179 8ª±4ª±5Superconductivity181 8ª±5Optical Properties of Materials186 8ª±5ª±1Interaction of Light with Matter186 8ª±5ª±2Atomic and Electronic Interactions187 8ª±5ª±3Refraction£¬Reflection£¬Absorption and Transmission190 8ª±5ª±4Opacity and Translucency in Insulators192 8ª±5ª±5Applications of Optical Phenomena192 References197 Chapter 9Biomaterials/Nanomaterials/Smart Materials198 Learning Objectives198 9ª±1Biomaterials198 9ª±1ª±1Definition of Biomaterials199 9ª±1ª±2Performance of Biomaterials202 9ª±1ª±3Brief Historical Background203 9ª±2Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials205 9ª±2ª±1Introduction205 9ª±2ª±2Examples of Current Achievements and Paradigm Shifts209 9ª±3Smart Materials214 9ª±3ª±1Introduction214 9ª±3ª±2Shape Memory Alloys215 9ª±3ª±3Applications of Smart Materials219 Reference220