Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics

Chapter 1 The Basic Law of Thermodynamics 1 ¡ì 1.1 Equilibrium state and description of thermodynamic system 1 ¡ì 1.2 Thermal equilibrium and temperature£­the zeroth law of thermodynamics 4 ¡ì 1.3 Equation of state 6 ¡ì 1.4 Work 10 ¡ì 1.5 The first law of thermodynamics 11 ¡ì 1.6 Heat capacity and enthalpy 14 ¡ì 1.7 Internal energy of an ideal gas 15 ¡ì 1.8 Adiabatic process of an ideal gas 18 ¡ì 1.9 Carnot cycle of an ideal gas 19 ¡ì 1.10 The second law of thermodynamics 22 ¡ì 1.11 Carnot's theorem and Clausius inequality 24 ¡ì 1.12 Entropy and the central equation of thermodynamics 26 ¡ì 1.13 The free energy and Gibbs function 29 Exercises 30 Chapter 2 Thermodynamic Properties of the Uniform System 33 ¡ì 2.1 Maxwell's relations 33 ¡ì 2.2 The application of Maxwell's relations 36 ¡ì 2.3 The throttling process and adiabatic expansion of gas 38 ¡ì 2.4 Determination of the basic thermodynamic functions 40 ¡ì 2.5 Specific functions 42 Exercises 43 Chapter 3 Phase Transitions 45 ¡ì 3.1 The criterion of thermodynamic dynamic equilibrium 45 ¡ì 3.2 Thermodynamic basic equations of open systems 48 ¡ì 3.3 The complex phase equilibrium condition of a single component system 50 ¡ì 3.4 The Clausiusª²Clapeyron equation 53 ¡ì 3.5 Classification of phase transitions 56 Exercises 59 Chapter 4 The Equilibrium of Chemical Reactions and the third Law of Thermodynamics 61 ¡ì 4.1 Thermodynamic functions and equations of a multicomponent system 61 ¡ì 4.2 The complex phase equilibrium condition of a multicomponent system 65 ¡ì 4.3 The Gibbs phase rule 66 ¡ì 4.4 Equilibrium of chemical reaction 67 ¡ì 4.5 The law of mass action 70 ¡ì 4.6 The third law of thermodynamics 73 Exercises 77 Chapter 5 The Most Probable Distribution of Nearly Independent Particles 80 ¡ì 5.1 The classical description of the motion state of particle 80 ¡ì 5.2 The quantum description of the motion state of particle 84 ¡ì 5.3 The description of microstate of system 89 ¡ì 5.4 Distribution and microscopic states 92 ¡ì 5.5 Maxwellª²Boltzmann distribution, Boseª²Einstein distribution and Fermiª²Dirac distribution 93 Exercises 96 Chapter 6 Boltzmann Statistics 97 ¡ì 6.1 The statistical definitions of thermodynamic quantities 97 ¡ì 6.2 The Maxwell velocity distribution 100 ¡ì 6.3 The equipartition theorem of energy 102 ¡ì 6.4 The internal energy, heat capacity and entropy of an ideal gas 105 Exercises 107 Chapter 7 Ensemble Theory 109 ¡ì 7.1 Phase space and Liouville's theorem 109 ¡ì 7.2 The microcanonical ensemble 112 ¡ì 7.3 The canonical ensemble 116 ¡ì 7.4 The grand canonical ensemble 118 Exercises 120 Bibliography 122