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CHAPTER 1 µÚ1Õ Options for Organizing Business 2 ÆóÒµµÄ×éÖ¯ÐÎʽ Enter the World of Business ½øÈëÉÌÒµÊÀ½ç Shareholder Activism 3 ¹É¶«¼¤½øÖ÷Òå Introduction 4 ÒýÑÔ Sole Proprietorships 4 ¶À×ÊÆóÒµ Advantages of Sole Proprietorships 5 ¶À×ÊÆóÒµµÄÓÅÊÆ Disadvantages of Sole Proprietorships 6 ¶À×ÊÆóÒµµÄÁÓÊÆ Partnerships 8 ºÏ»ïÆóÒµ Types of Partnership 9 ºÏ»ïÆóÒµµÄÀàÐÍ Articles of Partnership 9 ºÏ»ïÌõ¿î Advantages of Partnerships 10 ºÏ»ïÆóÒµµÄÓÅÊÆ Disadvantages of Partnerships 12 ºÏ»ïÆóÒµµÄÁÓÊÆ Taxation of Partnerships 13 ºÏ»ïÆóÒµµÄË°¸º Corporations 14 ¹«Ë¾ Creating a Corporation 14 ¹«Ë¾µÄ´´½¨ Types of Corporations 15 ¹«Ë¾µÄÀàÐÍ Elements of a Corporation 17 ¹«Ë¾ÒªËØ Advantages of Corporations 19 ¹«Ë¾µÄÓÅÊÆ Disadvantages of Corporations 20 ¹«Ë¾µÄÁÓÊÆ Other Types of Ownership 21 ÆäËûµÄËùÓÐȨÐÎʽ Joint Ventures 21 ºÏ×ÊÆóÒµ S Corporations 21 S ¹«Ë¾ Limited Liability Companies 22 ÓÐÏÞÔðÈι«Ë¾ Cooperatives 22 ºÏ×÷Éç Trends in Business Ownership: Mergers and Acquisitions 23 ÆóÒµËùÓÐȨµÄ·¢Õ¹Ç÷ÊÆ £ººÏ²¢ÓëÊÕ¹º So You’d Like to Start a Business 26 Review Your Understanding 27 Revisit the World of Business 28 Learn the Terms 28 Check Your Progress 28 Get Involved 28 Build Your Skills: Selecting a Form of Business 29 Solve the Dilemma: To Incorporate or Not to Incorporate 29 Build Your Business Plan: Options for Organizing Business 30 See for Yourself Videocase: PODS Excels at Organizing a Business 30 Team Exercise 31 CHAPTER 2 µÚ2Õ Small Business, Entrepreneurship, and Franchising 32 СÐÍÆóÒµ¡¢´´ÒµÆóÒµºÍÌØÐí¾­Óª Enter the World of Business ½øÈëÉÌÒµÊÀ½ç Chobani Yogurt Fights for Dominance in the Yogurt Market 33 ÇÇ°ÍÄáÇÀÕ¼ËáÄÌÊг¡ Introduction 34 ÒýÑÔ The Nature of Entrepreneurship and Small Business 34 ´´ÒµÆóÒµºÍСÐÍÆóÒµµÄʵÖÊ What Is a Small Business? 35 ʲôÊÇСÐÍÆóÒµ The Role of Small Business in the American Economy 36 СÐÍÆóÒµÔÚÃÀ¹ú¾­¼ÃÖаçÑݵĽÇÉ« Industries That Attract Small Business 38 ÎüÒýСÐÍÆóÒµµÄÐÐÒµ Advantages of Small-Business Ownership 40 СÐÍÆóÒµµÄÓÅÊÆ Independence 40 ×ÔÖ÷ÐÔ Costs 41 ³É±¾ Flexibility 41 Áé»îÐÔ Focus 41 רע Reputation 41 ÉùÓþ Disadvantages of Small-Business Ownership 41 СÆóÒµµÄÁÓÊÆ High Stress Level 42 ¸ßѹÁ¦ High Failure Rate 42 ¸ßʧ°ÜÂÊ Starting a Small Business 44 СÐÍÆóÒµµÄ´´°ì The Business Plan 44 ÉÌÒµ¼Æ»® Forms of Business Ownership 45 ÆóÒµËùÓÐȨÐÎʽ Financial Resources 45 ÈÚ×ÊÀ´Ô´ Approaches to Starting a Small Business 47 ´´°ìСÐÍÆóÒµµÄ·½·¨ Help for Small-Business Managers 49 СÐÍÆóÒµ¹ÜÀíÕß¿É»ñµÃµÄ°ïÖú The Future for Small Business 50 СÐÍÆóÒµµÄδÀ´ Demographic Trends 50 ÈË¿Ú·¢Õ¹Ç÷ÊÆ Technological and Economic Trends 51 ¿Æ¼¼Óë¾­¼ÃÇ÷ÊÆ Making Big Businesses Act “Small” 52 ´ó¹«Ë¾ÈçºÎÏñСÐÍÆóÒµÄÇÑùÐж¯ So You Want to Be an Entrepreneur or Small-Business Owner 53 Review Your Understanding 53 Revisit the World of Business 54 Learn the Terms 54 Check Your Progress 55 Get Involved 55 Build Your Skills: Creativity 55 Solve the Dilemma: The Small-Business Challenge 56 Build Your Business Plan: Small Business, Entrepreneurship, and Franchising 57 See for Yourself Videocase: Sonic—A Successful Franchise with an Old-Fashioned Drive-In Experience 57 Team Exercise 58 CHAPTER 3 µÚ3Õ The Nature of Management 60 ¹ÜÀíµÄ±¾ÖÊ Enter the World of Business ½øÈëÉÌÒµÊÀ½ç The Importance of Middle Managers 61 Öвã¹ÜÀíÕßµÄÖØÒªÐÔ Introduction 62 ÒýÑÔ The Importance of Management 62 ¹ÜÀíµÄÖØÒªÐÔ Management Functions 63 ¹ÜÀíµÄÖ°ÄÜ Planning 63 ¹æ»® Organizing 67 ×éÖ¯ Staffing 67 ÈËÔ±ÅäÖà Directing 68 Ö¸µ¼ Controlling 69 ¿ØÖÆ Types of Management 70 ¹ÜÀíµÄÀàÐÍ Levels of Management 70 ¹ÜÀí²ã¼¶ Areas of Management 73 ¹ÜÀíµÄÁìÓò Skills Needed by Managers 75 ¹ÜÀíÕßÐèÒªµÄ¼¼ÄÜ Technical Expertise 75 רҵ¼¼ÄÜ Conceptual Skills 76 ¸ÅÄ¼¼ÄÜ Analytical Skills 76 ·ÖÎö¼¼ÄÜ Human Relations Skills 76 È˼ʽ»Íù¼¼ÄÜ Leadership 76 Áìµ¼Á¦ Employee Empowerment 79 Ô±¹¤ÊÚȨ Decision Making 79 ¾ö²ßÖƶ¨ Recognizing and Defining the Decision Situation 80 ʶ±ðºÍ½ç¶¨¾ö²ßÇéÐÎ Developing Options 81 Öƶ©¿ÉÑ¡·½°¸ Analyzing Options 81 ·ÖÎö¿ÉÑ¡·½°¸ Selecting the Best Option 82 Ñ¡Ôñ*¼Ñ·½°¸ Implementing the Decision 82 Ö´Ðоö²ß Monitoring the Consequences 82 ¼à²âЧ¹û Management in Practice 82 ʵ¼ùÖеĹÜÀí So You Want to Be a Manager 84 Review Your Understanding 84 Revisit the World of Business 85 Learn the Terms 85 Check Your Progress 85 Get Involved 85 Build Your Skills: Functions of Management 86 Solve the Dilemma: Making Infi nity Computers Competitive 87 Build Your Business Plan: The Nature of Management 87 See for Yourself Videocase: Planning Drives the Success of Ford Fusion 88 Team Exercise 89 CHAPTER 4 µÚ4Õ Organization, Teamwork, and Communication 90 ×éÖ¯¡¢ÍŶӺ͹µÍ¨ Enter the World of Business ½øÈëÉÌÒµÊÀ½ç CarMax Uses Decentralized Structure to Support Teamwork 91 ³µÃÀÊ˲ÉÓ÷ÖȨʽ×éÖ¯½á¹¹¼ÓÇ¿ÍŶӺÏ×÷ Introduction 92 ÒýÑÔ Organizational Culture 92 ÆóÒµÎÄ»¯ Developing Organizational Structure 94 Öƶ¨×éÖ¯½á¹¹ Assigning Tasks 95 ÈÎÎñµÄ·ÖÅä Specialization 95 רҵ»¯ Departmentalization 96 ²¿ÃÅ»¯ Assigning Responsibility 99 ÔðÈεķÖÅä Delegation of Authority 100 ÊÚȨ Degree of Centralization 100 ¼¯È¨³Ì¶È Span of Management 102 ¹ÜÀí·ù¶È Organizational Layers 102 ×éÖ¯²ã¼¶ Forms of Organizational Structure 103 ×éÖ¯½á¹¹µÄÐÎʽ Line Structure 103 Ö±Ïßʽ½á¹¹ Line-and-Staff Structure 104 Ö±Ïß²Îıʽ½á¹¹ Multidivisional Structure 104 ¶àÊÂÒµ²¿Öƽṹ Matrix Structure 105 ¾ØÕóʽ½á¹¹ The Role of Groups and Teams in Organizations 106 С×éÓëÍŶÓÔÚ×éÖ¯ÖеĽÇÉ« Committees 107 ίԱ»á Task Forces 107 Ìرð¹¤×÷×é Teams 107 ÍÅ¶Ó Communicating in Organizations 109 ×éÖ¯Öеŵͨ Formal Communication 110 Õýʽ¹µÍ¨ Informal Communication Channels 111 ·ÇÕýʽ¹µÍ¨ÇþµÀ Monitoring Communications 111 ¶Ô¹µÍ¨µÄ¼à¿Ø Improving Communication Effectiveness 112 Ìá¸ß¹µÍ¨Ð§ÂÊ So You Want a Job in Managing Organizational Culture, Teamwork, and Communication 113 Review Your Understanding 113 Revisit the World of Business 114 Learn the Terms 114 Check Your Progress 114 Get Involved 115 Build Your Skills: Teamwork 115 Solve the Dilemma: Quest Star in Transition 116 Build Your Business Plan: Organization, Teamwork, and Communication 116 See for Yourself Videocase: Zappos Creates Organizational Structure and Culture with Teams 117 Team Exercise 117 CHAPTER 5 µÚ5Õ Managing Service and Manufacturing Operations 118 ·þÎñÓëÉú²úÔËÓª¹ÜÀí Enter the World of Business ½øÈëÉÌÒµÊÀ½ç Manufacturers Use Remote Monitoring Systems to Detect ÖÆÔ쳧É̲ÉÓÃÔ¶³Ì¼à¿Øϵͳ·¢ÏÖÎÊÌâ Problems 119 Introduction 120 ÒýÑÔ The Nature of Operations Management 120 ÔËÓª¹ÜÀíµÄ±¾ÖÊ The Transformation Process 121 ת»¯¹ý³Ì Operations Management in Service Businesses 121 ·þÎñÐÍÆóÒµµÄÔËÓª¹ÜÀí Planning and Designing Operations Systems 125 ÔËӪϵͳµÄ¹æ»®ºÍÉè¼Æ Planning the Product 125 ²úÆ·¹æ»® Designing the Operations Processes 126 ÔËÓªÁ÷³ÌµÄÉè¼Æ Planning Capacity 127 ²úÄܹ滮 Planning Facilities 128 ÉèÊ©¹æ»® Sustainability and Manufacturing 131 ¿É³ÖÐø·¢Õ¹ÓëÖÆÔì Managing the Supply Chain 132 ¹©Ó¦Á´¹ÜÀí Purchasing 133 ²É¹º Managing Inventory 133 ¿â´æ¹ÜÀí Outsourcing 135 Íâ°ü Routing and Scheduling 137 Éú²ú·¾¶ºÍÈճ̰²ÅÅ Managing Quality 138 ÖÊÁ¿¹ÜÀí International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 140 ¹ú¼Ê±ê×¼»¯×éÖ¯ Inspection 141 ¼ì²é Sampling 141 ³éÑù Integrating Operations and Supply Chain Management 142 ÔËÓªºÍ¹©Ó¦Á´¹ÜÀíµÄÕûºÏ So You Want a Job in Operations Management 143 Review Your Understanding 143 Revisit the World of Business 144 Learn the Terms 144 Check Your Progress 144 Get Involved 145 Build Your Skills: Reducing Cycle Time 145 Solve the Dilemma: Planning for Pizza 146 Build Your Business Plan: Managing Service and Manufacturing Operations 146 See for Yourself Vidoecase: Home Run Inn’s Operational Excellence Propels It to Top Spot 147 Team Exercise 147 Notes 148 ×¢ÊÍ Glossary 154 ÊõÓï±í Photo Credits 159 ͼƬ°æȨ