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CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
1£®1 Background to the research
1£®2 Statement of the problem
1£®3 Rationale of the study
1£®4 Research Questions
1£®5 Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW
2£®1 Introduction
2£®2 Definitions and Conceptions of FonF and FonFs
2£®2£®1 FonF
2£®2£®2 Focus on meaning £¨FonM£©
2£®3 Advantages and disadvantages of FonF and FonM
2£®3£®1 Advantages and disadvantages of FonF
2£®3£®2 Advantages and disadvantages of FonM
2£®4 Principles underlying FonF
2£®4£®1 Implicit and explicit learning
2£®4£®2 Implicit knowledge and explicit knowledge
2£®4£®3 Skill-building theory
2£®4£®4 Noticing Hypothesis
2£®5 Framework for conducting FonF
2£®5£®1 Input
2£®5£®2 Comprehension
2£®5£®3 Intake
2£®5£®4£® Integration
2£®5£®5 Output
2£®5£®6 Summary
2£®6 Previous research studies on FonF
2£®6£®1 Implicit and explicit learning and FonF
2£®6£®2 Input-based FonF approaches
2£®6£®3 Output-oriented FonF approaches
2£®6£®4 Process-oriented FonF approach

CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY
3£®1 Introduction
3£®2 Research design
3£®2£®1 Site
3£®2£®2 Participants
3£®2£®3 Experiment procedures
3£®2£®4 The target form £¨copula be£©
3£®2£®5 FonMF and FonM treatment
3£®2£®6 The development of the FonMF task design
3£®2£®7 The development of the FonM task design
3£®3 Two Pilot studies for research tools
3£®3£®1 Choosing participants for the first tryout
3£®3£®2 First tryout of research tools
3£®3£®3 Second tryout of the research tools
3£®4 Research tools
3£®4£®1 Reading material
3£®4£®2 Reading comprehension activity
3£®4£®3 C-R activity for the FonMF treatment
3£®4£®4 Reconstruction activity
3£®4£®5 Pretest£® posttest and delayed posttest
3£®4£®6 Opinion questionnaire
3£®4£®7 Semi-structured interview
3£®5 Procedures for data collection
3£®5£®1 Collecting date from the pretests
3£®5£®2 Collecting data from the posttests and delayed posttests
3£®5£®3 Collecting data from the questionnaires and interviews
3£®6 Data scoring and coding
3£®6£®1 Scoring method
3£®6£®2 Measures of oral performance
3£®6£®3 Data from the questionnaire and the interview
3£®7 Data Analysis

CHAPTER FOUR RESEARCH RESULTS
4£®1 Introduction
4£®2 Results for Research Question 1
4£®2£®1 Comparisons of the posttest scores between the FonMF and the FonM group
4£®2£®2 Comparisons of the delayed posttest scores between FonMF and FonM group
4£®3 Results for Research Question 2
4£®3£®1 The results of the participants' perceptions towards the FonMF treatment
4£®3£®2 The results of the participants' perceptions towards the FonM treatment

CHAPTER FIVE DISCUSSIONS
5£®1 Introduction
5£®2 The immediate effects of the FonMF vs£® the FonM treatment
5£®2£®1 The effects of the FonMF vs£® the FonM treatment on the grammatical knowledge gains
5£®2£®2 The effects of the FonMF vs£® the FonM treatment on the oral performance
5£®2£®3 Summary of the immediate effects of the FonMF vs£® FonM
5£®3 The retention effects of the FonMF vs£® the FonM treatment
5£®3£®1 The retention effects of the FonMF vs£® the FonM treatment on the grammatical knowledge gains
5£®3£®2 The retention effects of the FonMF vs£® the FonM treatment on the oral performance
5£®3£®3 Summary of the retention effects of the FonMF vs£®the FonM treatment
5£®4 The theoretical framework of the FonMF treatment
5£®4£®1 The effects of the textual enhancement in the input
5£®4£®2 The effects of consciousness-raising activities to the intake
5£®4£®3 The effects of the reconstruction activity
5£®5 Summary

CHAPTER SIX CONCLUSIONS
6£®1 Introduction
6£®2 Conclusions
6£®2£®1 Answers to Research Question 1
6£®2£®2 Answers to Research Question 2
6£®3 Limitations
6£®4 Recommendations
6£®4£®1 Recommendations for the FonMF task design
6£®4£®2 Recommendations for the field of FonMF in the SLA pedagogy
6£®4£®3 Recommendations for future research
REFERENCES
APPENDIX I
APPENDIX II
APPENDIX III
APPENDIX IV
APPENDIX V
APPENDIX VI
APPENDIX VII
APPENDIX VIII
APPENDIX IX
APPENDIX X
APPENDIX XI
APPENDIX XII