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1 Historical Development of Modern Steelmaking
1£®1 Bottom-Blown Acid or Bessemer Process
1£®2 Basic Bessemer or Thomas Process
1£®3 Open Hearth Process
1£®4 OxygenSteelmaking
1£®5 Electric Furnace Steelmaking
Exercises

2 Fundamentals of Iron and Steelmaking
2£®1 Fundamentals of Steelmaking Reactions
2£®1£®1 Slag-MetalEquilibriumin Steelmaking
2£®1£®2 State of Reactions in Steelmaking
2£®2 Fundamentals of Reactions in Electric Fumace Steelmaking
2£®2£®1 Slag Chenustry and the Carbon£¬ Manganese£¬ Sulfur and Phosphorus Reactions in the EAF
2£®2£®2 Control of Residuals in EAF Steelmaking
2£®2£®3 Nitrogen Controlin EAF Steelmaking
2£®3 Fundamentals of Stainless Steel Production
2£®3£®1 Decarburization of Stainless Steel
2£®3£®2 Nitrogen Control in the AOD
2£®3£®3 Reduction of Cr from Slag
2£®4 Fundamentals of Ladle Metallurgical Reactions
2£®4£®1Deoxidation Equilibrium and Kinetics
2£®4£®2 Ladle Desulfurization
2£®4£®3 Calcium Treatment of Steel
2£®5 Fundamentals of Degassing
2£®5£®1 Fundamental Thermodynamics
2£®5£®2 Vacuum Degassing Kinetics
Exercises

3 Pre-treatment of Hot Metal
3£®1 Introduction
3£®2 Desiliconization and Dephosphorization Technologies
3£®3 Desulfurization Technology
3£®3£®1 Introduction
3£®3£®2 Process Chemistry
3£®3£®3 Transport Systems
3£®3£®4 Process Venue
3£®3£®5 Slag Management
3£®3£®6 Lance Systems
3£®3£®7 CycleTime
3£®3£®8 Hot Metal Sampling and Analysis
3£®3£®9 Reagent Consumption
3£®3£®10 Econonucs
3£®3£®11 Process Control
3£®4 HotMetalThermalAdjustment
Exercises

4 Oxygen Steelmaking Processes
4£®1 Introduction
4£®1£®1 Process Description and Events
4£®1£®2 Types of Oxygen Steelmaking Processes
4£®1£®3 Environmentallssues
4£®2 Sequence of Operations-Top Blown
4£®2£®1 Plant Layout
4£®2£®2 Sequence ofOperations
4£®2£®3 Shop Manning
4£®3 Raw Materials
4£®3£®1 Introduction
4£®3£®2Hot Metal
4£®3£®3 Scrap
4£®3£®4 High Metallic Altemative Feeds
4£®3£®5 OxideAdditions
4£®3£®6 Fluxes
4£®3£®7 Oxygen
4£®4 Process Reactions and Energy Balance
4£®4£®1Reactions in BOF Steelmaking
4£®4£®2 Slag Formation in BOF Steelmaking
4£®4£®3 Mass and Energy Balances
4£®4£®4 Tapping Practices and Ladle Additions
4£®5 Process Variations
……

5 Electric Furnace Steelmaking

References