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Contents1 Introduction 1 1.1 Early History 2 1.2 0n Petrolipalynology 3 1.2.1 0bjectives and Purposes 4 1.2.2 Principles and Methods 4 1.2.3 Review and Outlook 5 References 72 Geological Background 11 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 Geological Conditions for Oil-Gas Field Formation 11 2.2.1 Complex of Source Rock, Reservoir Rock, and Seal Rock 11 2.2.2 Generation, Migration, and Accumulation of Petroleum 12 2.2.3 Petroleum Deposit and Its Classification 13 2.3 Inland Petroliferous Basins 13 2.3.1 The Tarim Basin 13 2.3.2 The Junggar Basin 23 2.3.3 The Turpan-Hami Basin 28 2.3.4 The Qaidam Basin 31 2.3.5 The West Jiuquan Basin 33 2.4 Coastal Shelf Petroliferous Basins 35 2.4.1 The Liaohe Basin 35 2.4.2 The Beibu Gulf Basin 37 2.4.3 The Zhujiang Mouth Basin 39 References 413 Fossil Spores and Pollen in Crude Oils 43 3.1 Materials and Methods 43 3.1.1 Materials 43 3.1.2 Methods 44 3.2 Tarim Basin 44 3.2.1 North Tarim Upheaval 44 3.2.2 Kuqa Depression 51 3.2.3 Southwest Tarim Depression 53 3.3 Junggar Basin 57 3.3.1 East Junggar Depression 57 3.3.2 South Junggar Depression 66 3.4 Turpan Basin 70 3.4.1 Qiktim Oil Field 70 3.4.2 Shengjinkou Oil Field 73 3.5 Qaidam Basin 75 3.5.1 North Border Block-fault Zone 75 3.5.2 Mangnai Depression 78 3.6 West Jiuquan Basin 82 3.6.1 Laojunmiao Anticlinal Zone 82 3.6.2 Baiyanghe Monoclinal Zone 82 3.7 Liaohe Basin of Bohai Gulf 83 3.8 Shelf Basins of South China Sea 85 3.8.1 Beibu Gulf Basin 85 3.8.2 Zhujiang Mouth Basin 87 References 894 Petroleum Sporo-pollen Assemblages and Petroleum Source Rocks 95 4.1 Definition and Classification of Petroleum Sporo-pollen Assemblages 96 4.1.1 Definition 96 4.1.2 Classification and Character 96 4.2 Tarim Basin 96 4.2.1 North Tarim Upheaval 96 4.2.2 Kuqa Depression 100 4.2.3 Southwest Tarim Depression 103 4.3 Junggar Basin 105 4.3.1 East Junggar Depression 105 4.3.2 South Junggar Depression 109 4.4 Turpan Basin 110 4.4.1 Qiktim Petroliferous Region 110 4.4.2 Shengjinkou Petroliferous Region 112 4.5 Qaidam Basin 112 4.5.1 North Border Block-fault Zone 112 4.5.2 Mangnai Depression 114 4.6 West Jiuquan Basin 114 4.6.1 Laojunmiao Anticlinal Zone 114 4.6.2 Baiyanghe Monoclinal Zone 116 4.7 Liaohe Basin 117 4.8 Beibu Gulf Basin 117 4.9 Zhujiang Mouth Basin 117 References 1205 Spore/Pollen Fossil Coloration and Petroleum Source Rock Quality 123 5.1 Spores/Pollen Fossil Coloration and Maturity of Organic Material 123 5.2 0rganic Material Type and Maturity with Hydrocarbon Generation Potential 126 References 1276 Palynological Evidence for Organic Petroleum Origin Theory 129 6.1 Sporopollenin and Petroleum Origin 130 6.2 Fossil Spores and Pollen in Crude Oils from Sedimentary Rock Petroleum Reservoirs 131 6.3 Fossil Spores and Pollen in Crude Oils from Igneous Rock Petroleum Pools 132 References 1337 Environment for the Formation of Petroleum Source Rocks 135 7.1 Botanical Relationship of Dispersed Spores and Pollen 135 7.2 Paleoecology and Paleoclimate 140 7.3 Paleoecology and Paleogeography 144 7.4 Sedimentary Environment and Petroleum Source 147 References 1508 Mechanisms of Petroleum Migration 153 8.1 Introduction 154 8.2 Primary Migration 154 8.2.1 Passageways for Primary Migration 154 8.2.2 Phase States of Primary Migration 155 8.3 Secondary Migration 155 8.3.1 Passageways for Secondary Migration 156 8.3.2 Phase States and Flow Types of Secondary 156 8.3.3 Directions, Routes, and Distances of Secondary Migration 157 8.4 Period of Petroleum Deposit Formation 158 References 1589 Geochroruc and Geographic Distribution of Nonmarine Petroleum Source Rocks 159 9.1 Inland Petroliferous Basins 160 9.2 Coastal Shelf Petroliferous Basins 161 References 162Concluding Remarks 163Explanation of Plates and Plates 167