part ⅰintroduction unit 1 the steps involved in a road construction project 1.1planning 1.2design 1.3 earthwork 1.4paving 1.5open to traffic 1.6 maintenance questions for discussion part ⅱdesign unit 2horizontal alignment 2.1 factors influencing the selection of horizontal alignment 2.2 tangents 2.3circular curves 2.4transition curves 2.5types of horizontal curves 2.6general criteria questions for discussion unit 3vertical alignment 3.1profile gradeline 3.2vertical curves 3.3climbing lanes 3.4emergency escape ramps 3.5general criteria questions for discussion unit 4combinations of horizontal and vertical alignment 4.1general design controls 4.2alignment coordination procedure 4.3alignment coordination procedure for local roads or streets questionsfor discussion unit 5sight distance 5.1stopping sight distance 5.2intersection sight distance 5.3passing sight distance 5.4decision sight distance questionsfordiscussion unit6cross—section elements 6.1some typical cross sections 6.2travel lanes 6.3 medians 6.4 shoulders 6.5 curbs 6.6pavement cross slope/crossfall 6.7 bamers/guardrails 6.8 clear zones questions for discussion unit 7superelevation and widening of curves 7.1maximum superelevation rates 7.2methods of attaining superelevation 7.3curve widening questionsfor discussion unit8 intersection 8.1definitions and key elements 8.2intersection types and configurations 8.3trafficl slands questionsfordiscussion unit 9 grade separations and interchanges 9.1grade separation structures 9.2 interchange types questionsfor discussion unit 10 subgrade 10.1design considerations 10.2strength and stiffness questions for discussion urut 11 surface and slope protective measures 11.1slope vegetation 11.2slope protection with engineering structures questions for discussion unit 12retaining walls 12.1 schematic of a retaining wall and common terminology 12.2retaining wall types 12.3selection of retaining wall type 12,4design considerations questions for discussion unit13pavement (ⅰ) 13.1 component layers of flexible pavements 13.2component layers of a rigid pavement questions for discussion unit 14 pavement 14.1pavement types 14.2analysis methods 14.3pavement design methods questions for discussion unit 15 subsurface drainage 15.1moisture in roads 15.2control of road moisture 15.3subsurface drainage 15.4types of subsurface drainage questions for discussion unit 16surface drainage 16.1design philosophy 16.2geometric features questions for discussion part ⅲconstruction unit 17highway plans (ⅰ) 17.1beginning to read plans 17.2typical sections 17.3 generalnotes 17.4summary of approximate quantities and tabulation drawings 17.5 views 17.6stationing and symbols questions for discussion unit18highway plans (ⅰ) 18.1plan and profile sheets 18.2 drainage—and structures 18.3utilities 18.4signing and pavement markings,signals,highway lighting and landscaping 18.5 maintenance of traffic,sequence of operations and staging 18.6stormwater management plan (swmp) 18.7cross sections 18.8standards and details 18.9right of way questionsfor discussion unit 19survey (ⅰ) 19.1ground surveys 19.2remote sensing 19.3computer graphics questions for discussion unit 20survey (ⅱ) 20.1 pre—construction 20.2 construction 20.3 post—construction questions for discussion unit 21highway construction 21.1 highway elements 21.2construction methods and means questions for discussion unit 22earthwork operations 22.1clearing and grubbing 22.2excavation 22.3 embankments 22.4compaction 22.5finishing operations questionsfordiscussion unit 23excavation and earthmoving equipment 23.1backacter 23.2bulldozer 23.3 draglinecrane 23.4face shovel 23.5 front—endloader 23.6grader 23.7scraper questions for discussion unit 24flexible pavement construction (ⅰ) 24.1 preparing the mix at a central mixing plant 24.2drum plants 24.3batch plants 24.4control of hot—mix uniformity questions for discussion unit 25flexible pavement construction (ⅱ) 25.1 transport of bituminousmaterial 25.2placing hot—mix bituminous material 25.3 compaction of the bituminous mat questions for discussion unit 26rigid pavement construction 26.1preparing the foundation 26.2 placing the forms for conventional paving trains 26.3joint assemblies and reinforcement 26.4preparing the concrete 26.5placing and finishing the concrete 26.6texturing of running surfaces 26.7curing the concrete questions for discussion …… part ⅳ materials and tests glossary references