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1.Introduction2.Coordinate Systems and Transformations3.Earth's Gravity Field4.Theory of Heights5.Geoid¡ªto¡ªQuasigeoid Correction5.1 Relation between geoid and quasigeoid5.2 Computation in spatial domain5.2.1 Topographic component5.2.2 Atmospheric component5.2.3 Non¡ªtopographic component5.3 Computation in spectral domain5.3.1 Topographic potential difference £¨ of reference density£©5.3.2 Topographic potential difference £¨of anomalous density£©5.3.3 No¡ªtopography disturbing potential difference5.4 Discussion6.Vertical Datum Unification in New Zealand6.1 Geodetic vertical datum in New Zealand¡ª¡ªhistorical background6.2 Unification of vertical datum6.2.1 LVD offsets6.2.2 Levelling network adjustment6.2.3 Height conversion6.2.4 Analysis of systematic trends6.3 Discussion7.Topographic Effect on Gravity and Geoid7.1 Geological setup of New Zealand7.2 Rock density model of New Zealand7.3 Gravitational effect of topographic density variations8.ConclusionsReferences