бà´óѧӢÓïרҵʵÓÃÓï·¨

Introduction to GrammarWhat is grammar? Why do we study grammar? Grammatical hierarchyChapter 1 The Parts of SpeechDiagnostic testExplanationA. The nounB. The pronounC. The adjectiveD. The verbE. The adverbF. The prepositionG. The conjunctionH. The interjectionChapter 2 The Parts of a SentenceDiagnostic testExplanationA. Subject and predicateB. How to find the subject of a sentenceC. ComplementsD. Direct and indirect objectE. The object complementF. Subject complementChapter 3 The Phrase and the ClauseDiagnostic testExplanation¢ñ. The phrase rankA. Noun phrases and verb phrasesB. Adjective phrases and adverb phrasesC. The prepositional phrases¢ò. The clause rankA. The relative clauseB. The noun clauseC. The adverbial clauseD. The subordinating conjunctionE. Sentences classified by structureF. Sentences classified by purposeChapter 4 The Subject-Verb AgreementDiagnostic testExplanationA. Guiding principlesB. Problems of agreement with nouns ending in -sC. Problems of agreement with collective nounsD. Problems of agreement with subject containing coordinate formsE. Problems of agreement with expressions of quantityF. Problems of agreement with noun clause as subjectG. Problems of agreement in relative-clause and existential sentenceChapter 5 The DeterminersDiagnostic testExplanationA. Function and classes of determinersB. Pre-determinersC. Collocations between determinersD. Article idiomatic usageChapter 6 Correct Use of PronounsDiagnostic testExplanationA. Personal pronounsB. Reflexive pronouns, emphatic pronouns and each otherC. The pronoun one/onesD. Everyone, something, etc Chapter 7 Verb Tenses and AspectsDiagnostic testExplanationA. Comparison between present progressive and simple presentB. Comparison between present perfect and simple pastC. Comparison between past progressive and simple pastD. Comparison between present perfect progressive and present perfectE. Comparison between past simple and past perfectF. Past perfect progressiveG. Ways of expressing future timeChapter 8 Active and Passive VoiceDiagnostic testExplanationA. The use of the passiveB. Tenses and aspects in the passiveC. The passive with getD. Special passive patternsE. Passive + to-infinitive or active participleF. The passive to-infinitive and present participleG. Active forms with a passive meaning H. The passive or be + adjectiveI. The passive of phrasal verbsChapter 9 The Subjunctive MoodDiagnostic testExplanationA. Be-subjunctiveB. Were-subjunctiveChapter 10 Auxiliary VerbsDiagnostic testExplanationA. The primary auxiliary verbs (do,have,be) B. The modal auxiliariesC. The NICE properties of auxiliariesD. Semi-auxiliariesChapter 11 Non-Finite VerbsDiagnostic testExplanationA. Infinitive and the infinitive phraseB. Ing-participleC. Ing-participle clausesD. Ing-participle or ed-participle clauses? Chapter 12 Adjectives, Adverbs and Their PhrasesDiagnostic testExplanationA. Adjective patternsB. Adjectives used in one position onlyC. Adjectives and participlesD. The order of adjectivesE. Adjectives used as nounsF. Adjectives or adverbsG. Comparative and superlative formsH. Patterns expressing a comparisonI. Adverbs and word orderChapter 13 Prepositions and Prepositional PhrasesDiagnostic testExplanationA. The other functions of prepositional phrasesB. Prepositions of placeC. Prepositions of timeD. Idiomatic phrases with prepositionsE. Noun+prepositionF. Prepositional verbsG. Verb+objece+prepositionH. Phrasal verbsChapter 14 Statements and QuestionsDiagnostic testExplanationA. StatementB. Negative statementsC. QuestionsChapter 15 Coordination and SubordinationDiagnostic tesExplanationA. Coordinate ideasB. Subordinate ideasC. Adverbial clausesChapter 16 Conditional ClausesDiagnostic testExplanationA. IntroductionB. Type 0 conditionalsC. Type 1 conditionalsD. Type 2 conditionalsE. Type 3 conditionalsF. If,as long as,unless,in case,etc. G. Should,were,had and inversionH. Implied conditionsChapter 17 Noun ClausesDiagnostic testExplanationA. IntroductionB. Patterns with noun clausesC. Direct and indirect speechChapter 18 Relative ClausesDiagnostic testExplanationA. Identifying clausesB. Classifying clausesC. Adding clausesD. Connective clausesE. The comparison of the identifying clause and the adding clauseF. The comparison of the classifying clause and the adding clauseG. Relative pronounsH. The pattern a quantifier + of whom/of whichI. A special use of whichJ. The use of thatK. Relative adverbsChapter 19 Leaving Out and Replacing WordsDiagnostic testExplanationA. Avoiding repetitionB. Leaving out words after the auxiliaryC. Leaving out an infinitive clauseD. Leaving out words after a question wordE. Leaving out words through coordinationF. Leaving out words at the beginning of a sentenceG. Patterns with too, either, so and neither/norH. Do so, do it and do tha I. Some other ways of avoiding repetitionChapter 20 Information and EmphasisDiagnostic testExplanationA. Word order and informationB. Front-positionC. The empty there and itD. There or itE. EmphasisKey to ExercisesBibliography