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    2008Äê2ÔÂ
     The book is written based on the Textile Readers (second edition). It is
used for the college students majoring in textiles and related majors. The
context is carefully selected mainly from books and journals published in the
United States and the United Kingdom. Each text reads easily and smoothly
with standard expressions. The book covers fibers, yams, fabrics, textile
dyeing and finishing, nonwovens, fashion, composites, and new textile
technology is also included, which reflects the newest development in the
textile field. It is revised based on the suggestions raised from different
readers. Words selected in the book are sufficient for daily use on textile
communication.
    Although the book is prepared for the college students, it can also be used
as training materials for enterprises. Those who are interested in the textiles
may use the book as reference.
    All suggestions for improvement are cordially welcome.
                                                                  Huang Gu
                                                                   Feb, 2008

  Lesson Thirty
            Some Considerations in Sizing
     For a size formula to approach perfection in a given application, it should have several basic
characteristics which will serve to eliminate warp breaks during weaving. Defects in the warp yam
such as knots, crossed ends, slubs, weak spots, etc., must be overcome as much as possible by the
size film. Even the strongest of warp yams, such as filament nylon, and even woven wire will
kink and encounter quality problems. For the size fdm to accomplish its primary tasks one would
have to consider the following:.
Tensile strength
     The tensile strength of the yam must be increased by the fiber-to-fiber cementing of the size
film, as well as by the addition of the strength of the film itself.
     Logically, the greater the increase in tensile strength, the less likelihood there will be of a
break occurring, particularly where weak places are excessive.
Adhesion
     Adhesion is not only necessary in the fiber-to-fiber cementing, but also important to assure
that the film formed by the size formula will adhere to the fiber substrate and protect the warp
yam in the weaving operation.
Flexibility
     This property is particularly important in weaving. Sized warp yams must be able to
withstand repeated and extensive bending in the weaving operation without damage to the size