1 OverviewandDescriptiveStatistics1Introduction11.1Populations,Samples,andProcesses31.2PictorialandTabularMethodsinDescriptiveStatistics111.3MeasuresofLocation281.4MeasuresofVariability36SupplementaryExercises48Bibliography512 Probability52Introduction522.1SampleSpacesandEvents532.2Axioms,Interpretations,andPropertiesofProbability582.3CountingTechniques672.4ConditionalProbability752.5Independence86SupplementaryExercises92Bibliography953 DiscreteRandomVariablesandProbabilityDistributions96Introduction963.1RandomVariables963.2ProbabilityDistributionsforDiscreteRandomVariables1003.3ExpectedValuesofDiscreteRandomVariables1103.4TheBinomialProbabilityDistribution1193.5HypergeometricandNegativeBinomialDistributions1273.6ThePoissonProbabilityDistribution134SupplementaryExercises139Bibliography1424 ContinuousRandomVariablesandProbabilityDistributions143Introduction1434.1ContinuousRandomVariablesandProbabilityDensityFunctions1434.2CumulativeDistributionFunctionsandExpectedValues1494.3TheNormalDistribution1584.4TheGammaDistributionandItsRelatives1714.5OtherContinuousDistributions1784.6ProbabilityPlots185SupplementaryExercises196Bibliography2005 JointProbabilityDistributionsandRandomSamples201Introduction2015.1JointlyDistributedRandomVariables2025.2ExpectedValues,Covariance,andCorrelation2155.3StatisticsandTheirDistributions2215.4TheDistributionoftheSampleMean2335.5TheDistributionofaLinearCombination239SupplementaryExercises245Bibliography2486 PointEstimation249Introduction2496.1SomeGeneralConceptsofPointEstimation2506.2MethodsofPointEstimation265SupplementaryExercises274Bibliography2757 StatisticalIntervalsBasedonaSingleSample277Introduction2777.1BasicPropertiesofConfidenceIntervals2787.2Large-SampleConfidenceIntervalsforaPopulationMeanandProportion2877.3IntervalsBasedonaNormalPopulationDistribution2957.4ConfidenceIntervalsfortheVarianceandStandardDeviationofaNormalPopulation304SupplementaryExercises307Bibliography3098 TestsofHypothesesBasedonaSingleSample310Introduction3108.1HypothesesandTestProcedures3118.2TestsAboutaPopulationMean3218.3TestsConcerningaPopulationProportion3348.4P-Values3398.5SomeCommentsonSelectingaTestProcedure347SupplementaryExercises350Bibliography3539 InferencesBasedonTwoSamples354Introduction3549.1zTestsandConfidenceIntervalsforaDifferenceBetweenTwoPopulationMeans3559.2TheTwo-SampletTestandConfidenceInterval3669.3AnalysisofPairedData3749.4InferencesConcerningaDifferenceBetweenPopulationProportions3849.5InferencesConcerningTwoPopulationVariances392SupplementaryExercises396Bibliography40110 TheAnalysisofVariance402Introduction40210.1Single-FactorANOVA40310.2MultipleComparisonsinANOVA41410.3MoreonSingle-FactorANOVA420SupplementaryExercises430Bibliography43211 MultifactorAnalysisofVariance433Introduction43311.1Two-FactorANOVAwithKij=143411.2Two-FactorANOVAwithKij>144811.3Three-FactorANOVA45711.42pFactorialExperiments468SupplementaryExercises483Bibliography48612 SimpleLinearRegressionandCorrelation488Introduction48812.1TheSimpleLinearRegressionModel48912.2EstimatingModelParameters49712.3InferencesAbouttheSlopeParameterB151212.4InferencesConcerninguY.xandthePredictionofFutureYValues52012.5Correlation528SupplementaryExercises538Bibliography54213 NonlinearandMultipleRegression543Introduction54313.1AptnessoftheModelandModelChecking54413.2RegressionwithTransformedVariables55213.3PolynomialRegression56213.4MultipleRegressionAnalysis57313.5OtherIssuesinMultipleRegression597SupplementaryExercises610Bibliography61514 TheAnalysisofCategoricalData616Introduction61614.1Goodness-of-FitTestsWhenCategoryProbabilitiesAreCompletelySpecified61714.2GoodnessofFitforCompositeHypotheses62514.3Two-WayContingencyTables638SupplementaryExercises646Bibliography64815 Distribution-FreeProcedures649Introduction64915.1TheWilcoxonSigned-RankTest65015.2TheWilcoxonRank-SumTest65915.3Distribution-FreeConfidenceIntervals66615.4Distribution-FreeANOVA671SupplementaryExercises675Bibliography67716 QualityControlMethods678Introduction67816.1GeneralCommentsonControlCharts67916.2ControlChartsforProcessLocation68116.3ControlChartsforProcessVariation69016.4ControlChartsforAttributes69516.5CUSUMProcedures70016.6AcceptanceSampling709SupplementaryExercises715Bibliography716AppendixTables717A.1CumulativeBinomialProbabilities718A.2CumulativePoissonProbabilities720A.3StandardNormalCurveAreas722A.4TheIncompleteGammaFunction724A.5CriticalValuesfortDistributions725A.6ToleranceCriticalValuesforNormalPopulationDistributions726A.7CriticalValuesforChi-SquaredDistributions727A.8tCurveTailAreas728A.9CriticalValuesforFDistributions730A.10CriticalValuesforStudentizedRangeDistributions736A.11Chi-SquaredCurveTailAreas737A.12CriticalValuesfortheRyan-JoinerTestofNormality739A.13CriticalValuesfortheWilcoxonSigned-RankTest740A.14CriticalValuesfortheWilcoxonRank-SumTest741A.15CriticalValuesfortheWilcoxonSigned-RankInterval742A.16CriticalValuesfortheWilcoxonRank-SumInterval743A.17CurvesfortTests744AnswerstoOdd-NumberedExercises745Index765